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The Graph’s plan for full decentralisation of information on blockchain

The Graph: crypto towards full decentralisation

The Graph announces the abandonment of centralised hosting services, and prepares to decentralise all its operations

The Graph is one of the most innovative and interesting protocols of the entire Web3 world and is used for indexing blockchain data. The Graph is nicknamed ‘the Google of the blockchain’ because it actually performs more or less the same task as the search engine does for the traditional Web, i.e. it indexes the data on the blockchain, making the process of extracting it easier and faster. In this way, it allows Dapps to find the data they need very quickly. The protocol is officially abandoning its centralised hosting service and moving entirely to The Graph’s decentralised network. 

The current situation of The Graph

The Graph’s ecosystem revolves around the relationship between the developers of subgraphs and those who use the data. The former describe how the data is organised, the latter are for example app developers, who are willing to pay to query the data contained in the subgraphs. This data is, for example, the transaction information written within the blockchain as transaction data.  Initially, a centralised hosting service, run by Edge & Node, the team behind The Graph, was created to make The Graph’s network work. To date, this hosting service hosts more than 24,000 subgraphs that will gradually be transferred to the decentralised mainnet. The move to the decentralised mainnet is taking place gradually. The first subgraph was launched on this net in the first quarter of 2021, and as of the 30th of June 2022, the number of active subgraphs was 392.

The complete migration to the mainnet and its phases

The migration of all functionalities to the main net of The Graph is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2023. At that point, the centralised hosting service will be completely disabled and it will only be possible to access the data on the subgraphs in a decentralised manner. But let us see through which steps this will take place specifically:

  1. During the first phase, which already started at the beginning of the third quarter of 2022, the development of new subgraphs on the centralised hosting service ceased. It is still possible to update the remaining subgraphs on the hosting service but not to build new ones. We are currently in this phase;
  2. In the second phase, all updates to the subgraphs are to be made via Subgraph Studio, an isolated and secure development environment created specifically for testing subgraphs. Once tested, they are to be published on the decentralised network. It will then no longer be possible to update subgraphs on the centralised host service;
  3. In the third and final phase, the subgraphs located on the centralised hosting service will be completely removed. This should take place by the first quarter of 2023 and will be taken care of by the engineers and developers of The Graph’s official team.

The decentralisation of the entire infrastructure will allow those using the service offered by The Graph’s ecosystem to build fully decentralised dapps.

Collaboration with Silicon Kruger and Good Work foundation

One of The Graph’s latest projects was developed through a collaboration with Silicon Kruger, an innovation centre set up to facilitate access to the Web3 for developing countries on the African continent. Silicon Kruger and The Graph have developed the first indexer for African dapps called Index Africa. The indexer aggregates dapp data and retains a portion of the rewards generated by its node, which are then allocated to a funding programme for students in rural Africa. This is made possible by Index Africa’s non-profit partner, the Good Work Foundation, a South African organisation that has been providing access to education for young African students since 2005.

Will developers be able to complete the migration in the allotted time? And will The Graph’s network attract applications that aspire to be fully decentralised? Follow us so you don’t miss the next updates!

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Crypto football: Barça and Socios, stadium tickets with BTC and the NFT football market

Football and crypto: Barcelona and Socios, Crawley Town, Oxford City

Football NFTs, Barça and Socios, and tickets can be bought in BTC. Football and cryptocurrencies are getting closer and closer!

The world of football is one of the sectors in which Web3 technologies are becoming more established. One of the main reasons for this is certainly the strong following, and consequently the high visibility, that blockchain companies can achieve through sports-themed initiatives and collaborations. Fan tokens, sponsorships, Sorare’s NFT fantasy football. In short, the Web3 is interested in football! Is this attraction mutual? Let’s see it in the article!

NFT football market. The Crawley Town F.C. and WAGMI United affair

Would you like to be able to pick transfer targets for your favourite team? For Crawley Town fans, it was possible! On the 15th June 2022, supporters of the team, which plays in the English fourth division, were able to vote for a new player to be bought and included in the squad. The vote took place on WAGMI United‘s Discord channel, and was restricted to all NFT owners of the brand. The player who was chosen was Jayden Davis, a 20-year-old midfielder who joined the team on a free transfer deal.

But what is WAGMI United? The term WAGMI stands for “We’re all gonna make it” and is a very famous motto in the crypto world. WAGMI United is an American Web3 brand that aims to revolutionise the way fans interact with their favourite team. The company bought the small English team in April for a price of $20 million, with Gary Vaynerchuk and the president of the NBA team Philadelphia 76, Darly Moery, among the most prominent investors. WAGMI United calls itself ‘the internet team’ and aims to build a new kind of fan base that crosses geographical boundaries. Among the group’s partners is none other than Adidas, which has taken charge of designing and producing the club’s shirts. The famous brand’s slogan: ‘Impossible is nothing’ seems to be shared by the young company, the ultimate goal is indeed more than ambitious. To take Crawley Town to the Premier League!

Barcelona studios sells 24.5% stake to Socios

Barcelona wants to join the Web3 scene and win more and more fans around the world. The Spanish club announced on Monday the 1st of August 2022 the sale of a 24.5 per cent stake in Barça Studios to Socios.com for $100 million. Barça studios is the division of the football club responsible for creating multimedia content for supporters. It will therefore be Socios from now on that will take care of the development of the brand’s Web3 initiatives, thanks to the support of the blockchain Chillz. The partnership between the two brands, however, is not really new. In fact, the collaboration had already begun in February 2020 for the launch of the $BAR Fan Token on Socios.com. Since then, over $39 million worth of fan tokens have been sold. What will the Web3 projects of FC Barcelona and Socios mainly focus on? Obviously NFTs and maybe even a metaverse. Socios and Chillz are establishing themselves as one of the most interesting realities in the ‘football and cryptocurrency’ scene also through illustrious brand ambassadors such as Del Piero and Lionel Messi.

Buy match tickets in BTC through the Lightning Network

Oxford City Football Club, a team from England’s sixth division, recently partnered with CoinCorner, a company specialising in Bitcoin payments using the Lightning Network. The Lightning Network is a decentralised network of nodes that allows a very high number of transactions to be sent instantaneously.This network is parallel to the Bitcoin blockchain, performs some transactions on the blockchain and some off-chain, and was created to solve the scalability problems of the network. If you want to learn more about it, have a look at our Academy article! The Oxford City initiative is not only about tickets. Within the RAW Charging Stadium (the club’s home ground), it will also be possible to buy food and drinks in BTC! The Bitcoin logo will also appear on the players’ shirts as a sponsor, alongside CoinCorner. Justin Merritt, the British club’s sports director, says the initiative aims to increase the education and adoption of Bitcoin in the UK.The popularity of cryptocurrencies in the UK has increased dramatically: a third of Britons are interested in the subject, and around 3.3 million citizens own BTC. So the answer to the question posed at the beginning of the article is yes! The football industry loves crypto!

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Is the United States a model for mass adoption?

Criptocurrencies: 3 use cases in the United States

Is the US the closest country to crypto adoption? Here are 3 use cases of cryptocurrencies!

According to trading industry data collector and processor Forex Suggest, the US is the second best prepared country for mass adoption of cryptocurrencies. The parameters they used for the research was the number of crypto ATM facilities in proportion to the size of the population and the number of blockchain start-ups per 100,000 people. Mass adoption, however, goes beyond this. For cryptocurrencies to become truly mainstream, there must be supporting infrastructures in place, both technological and, above all, regulatory.

In this regard, a legislative decree recently passed will allow Californian political candidates to accept donations in cryptocurrencies. The city of Miami, whose mayor, Francis Suarez, has never hidden his passion for Bitcoin, continues with its pro-Web3 initiatives. Miami will unveil an NFT collection produced by a partnership between Mastercard, TIME and Salesforce in December 2022. Is the US a model for mass adoption? Let’s look at 3 use cases of cryptocurrencies in the US!

The country with the most ATMs in the world

Leaving aside the state of Hong Kong, which due to its very limited geographical extension and particular political nature can be considered a borderline case in the research, the US is the most crypto-friendly, mainstream adoption-oriented state. In fact, the country has about 10 crypto ATMs for every 100,000 inhabitants, one for every 271 km. 88% of existing crypto ATMs are located on American territory. As for the number of start-ups, the US scores around 0.6 for every 100,000 inhabitants. 

California approves cryptocurrency donations for election campaigns 

On 21st July 2022 the State of California announced that it will allow candidates for state and local political office to receive donations in cryptocurrency. The previous legislation, which banned political promoters from raising or receiving funds via blockchain, is thus permanently repealed. The law had been promoted during the bear market of 2018, more precisely in November. However, the donations recipients will be obliged to immediately convert the amount of crypto received into fiat currency. The legislation also states that the political candidate is obliged to work with a registered exchange to handle the transaction. The exchange must have confirmed the identity of the donor through KYC (Know Your Customer) practices by verifying name, address, occupation and employer.

Some might frown upon the compulsory instant conversion into fiat currency. However, when we consider that only four years ago California was so strongly against the practice that it was made illegal, this is certainly a step forward. Political funding using cryptocurrencies is one of the most interesting use cases in the US.

Miami teams up with Mastercard, TIME and Salesforce for an NFT collection

In terms of city initiatives, the United States also proves to be the most virtuous country when it comes to mass adoption. The city of Miami recently announced a Web3 project to experience the city at 360° with the support of major brands Mastercard, TIME and Salesforce. The project specifically entails the creation of 5,000 NFTs designed by 56 local artists. The number 56 was not chosen randomly, it actually represents Miami’s size in square miles.

The NFT holders will have access to the Priceless Miami Mastercard programme, which includes exclusive art experiences and events in the city such as gourmet dinners, private visits to museums, stays in luxurious resorts or spas and much more. The NFT minting process and secondary market will be all managed by Salesforce – a software, automation services and digital marketing analytics company founded in 2000. Third player in this partnership is the publishing giant TIME, which has been active in the Web3 world since March 2021 and has been a major player in the industry ever since, with its own NFT community called TIMEPieces. You might remember its iconic cover depicting Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum‘s founder. In August 2021, the city of Florida had already launched Miami Coin, a token intended as a sustainable funding tool for projects that support the city’s most disadvantaged communities.
With these initiatives taken at both state and local level, the US seems to really want to become a model for mass adoption. So, is the adoption of cryptocurrencies overseas closer than we think? These 3 use cases of cryptocurrencies in the US seem to confirm that this is indeed the case.

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Young Monday: Gucci and ApeCoin, Mercedes and Polygon, Tinder

Gucci ApeCoin, Mercedes with Polygon, Tinder’s Metaverse

Gucci accepts payments in ApeCoin, Mercedes Benz relies on Polygon for artificial intelligence and Tinder backs down on the Metaverse

These days, you will not have missed the hack targeting Solana’s wallets. Despite huge losses, the blockchain was not compromised. Beyond this, the past week has been crowned with important collaborations between brands and Web3. Gucci will now accept payments in ApeCoin, the crypto of the BAYC (Bored Ape Yacht Club). Mercedes Benz will use Polygon’s blockchain to develop a data sharing platform. Tinder on the other hand is backing off, it will not be launching its metaverse and crypto (for now).

The Bored Apes go shopping at Gucci

Bored Apes holders, and ApeCoin holders in general, will be able to redo their wardrobe in style! The announcement came via a tweet on Gucci’s official page on Tuesday, the 2nd August 2022. The iconic brand described the decision as a further step into exploring Web3. Gucci had already made itself available to accept payments in twelve different cryptocurrencies a few months ago.

APE, the Bored Apes Yacht Club’s DAO governance token, is an ERC-20 token that was distributed to holders of BAYC and MAYC (the Mutant Ape Yacht Club’s NFT collection) on the 17th of March 2022 through an airdrop. For now, it will only be possible to pay with APE tokens at Gucci stores in the US. But the news about the Bored Ape Yacht Club doesn’t end there! Recently, Artsy Monke was created! An art project whose pieces were created thanks to Google’s artificial intelligence, Google Cloud Neural Networks. Their protagonists are the precious NFT monkeys. The AI has in fact transformed the 10,000 NFTs into abstract works of art using textual descriptions of the Bored Ape. This new type of art, commonly called generative art, is becoming very popular recently in the Web3 world. Pieces from the Artsy Monke collection have already been launched on OpenSea. If you are expecting exorbitant prices comparable to BAYC, you will be disappointed. The initial price was only 0.0001 ETH, or about $1.40!

Mercedes and Polygon: collecting data for artificial intelligence

What a memorable time for Polygon! After announcing a collaboration with Disney, a new partnership arrives this week with Mercedes. This time, however, it is not about entertainment on blockchain, but rather the collection and management of data for artificial intelligence and machine learning. The partnership will lead to the launch of the Acentrik platform. The main function of the platform will be the sharing and selling of data, Acentrik can be used to exchange information of various kinds depending on the company using it. Mercedes, for instance, will use Acentrik to exchange automotive data. Acentrik could help the car manufacturer overtake, or at least catch up with Google in the development of self-driving cars. Google is obviously far ahead when it comes to data collection, which is the bread and butter of Big Tech. Mercedes on the other hand is trying to make its way in the sector thanks to Polygon.

But what is Polygon’s role in the project with Mercedes? Polygon will handle all transactions on the platform. In addition to the native MATIC asset, users will also be able to use the most popular stablecoins such as USDC and USDT to register and thus freely consult a multitude of data recorded on Acentrik. For Polygon, this is a real coup in terms of image. The company proves once again, very shortly after the last time, that it is the ideal partner for big brands.

Has Tinder given up its Metaverse?

The Metaverse and crypto have not yet won over Tinder’s heart! The brand owned by Match Group has in fact decided to scale back the funds previously allocated for the development of Web3 projects. This is not an outright rejection of the project. The current CEO of Match Group, Bernard Kim, has stated that he does not want to abandon Web3 projects for good, Tinder will probably have a metaverse, but its putting into place may take longer than expected. The CEO explained that his intention to explore the digital goods sector is real, and that he is excited about the idea of being able to make dating and love possible in the metaverse. As is often the case in relationships, it is not always good to rush things. Kim believes that a lot of study and observation is needed to be ready to make the most of this new technology. Tinder’s plans were originally to develop a Metaverse in which users would get to know each other and socialise, and to launch a coin that would be dedicated to in-app purchases, the TinderCoin. So for now, no match between Tinder and the Web3, but don’t worry, nothing is lost. In love and in the Metaverse, whoever runs away wins?

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What happened to Solana during the recent hack?

Solana hack: what happened exactly?

What happened to Solana during the recent hack? Here are the possible causes, and how other crypto projects reacted

In the late evening of Tuesday, the 3rd of August 2022, several wallets on the Solana network were hacked. The attack lasted several hours and its main target was the most popular hot wallet in the Solana ecosystem: the Phantom wallet. Hackers allegedly took possession of the private keys of some users. It was later reported that the hack may have originated from Slope, another Solana wallet. Although this attack was a blow to the network, the blockchain itself was not damaged and continues to function. Many engineers and developers, including from other blockchain projects, are working together to understand what happened to Solana during the hack and what the real cause of the attack was.

Did the hack compromise Solana’s blockchain?

Small spoiler: no. The hacker attack targeted Solana’s browser wallets, and in particular those that had been inactive for more than six months. These include Phantom, Slope, Solfare and TrustWallet. The attack would appear to be linked to the vulnerability of online wallets and thus compromised users’ private keys. In fact, if we look at Solana’s blockchain explorer, Solscan.io, the transactions appear to be signed by the ‘real’ owners.

Not only were SOL tokens stolen, but also other cryptocurrencies and tokens. The USDC stablecoin was affected in particular, and the stolen amount appears to be higher than that of SOL. The good news? Funds held on cold wallets and exchanges such as Young Platform, were not affected by the attack. In short, the hack did not compromise Solana’s blockchain but it did do so for several hot wallets.

How to protect yourself from attacks: differences between cold and hot wallets

The issue of security is central, especially when interacting with DeFi protocols as in this case. As a user, it is essential to know all the available wallet options and their specificities. Each type of wallet has both strengths and weaknesses. For instance, self-custodial wallets are wallets in which private keys are totally managed by users.  They can be hot wallets or cold wallets. A hot wallet is ready for use on any Dapp as it is always connected to the Internet. The convenience of having an always-online wallet is offset by a lower degree of security than other wallet types. Hot wallets are either browser extensions or desktop and smartphone applications and, if not kept offline, they are vulnerable to viruses or attacks. Some examples of this type of wallet are: Metamask, Trust Wallet or even the targets of the recent hack.

The other type of self-custodial wallet, on the other hand, is more like a safe: cold wallets. While they are somewhat more cumbersome to use, they are also more secure. Cold wallets are only connected to the internet while the holder wants to use their contents. Once the transaction has been sent, the wallet is disconnected both from the network and from other devices and is thus again safe from potential online attacks. If you want to learn more about the pros and cons of all the wallets out there, check out the dedicated Young Academy article.

Solana’s most famous Dapp statements

Solana’s most famous Dapps were quick to speak out about the recent hack. Magic Eden, the main NFT marketplace, just announced yesterday that it would become cross-chain, starting to also accept offers in Ethereum for NFT collections. While the hack was underway, they reiterated the procedure to follow in order to avoid losing your tokens.

In summary, the NFT marketplace recommended creating a new Solana wallet and transferring your NFTs there first, and then your crypto. This advice is to be taken of course if a cold wallet is not at your immediate disposal.

In the hours following the attack, the Phantom team informed the community that they are working closely with the Solana team and other protocols. What is their objective? To understand what happened and why Solana’s wallets were hacked. The blockchain company also stated that it did not believe it was a Phantom specific problem. On Twitter, the wallet company stated: ‘Phantom has reason to believe that the reported exploits are due to complications related to importing accounts to and from Slope. We are still actively working to identify if there were other vulnerabilities that contributed to this incident.”

Emin Gün Sirer, CEO and founder of Avalabs, also commented on the Solana wallet hack. In the thread posted on his Twitter profile, he provided his community with some insight into trying to understand and explain what happened, reassuring those who held funds on centralised exchanges and cold wallets. Finally, he expressed solidarity with those affected by the hack.

We await new developments and information regarding the hacking attack on Solana’s wallets. Please check our blog for updates on this issue.

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Chris Dixon of a16z joins OpenSea

Chris Dixon of a16z joins OpenSea

What happens when the largest NFT marketplace meets the Web3 promoter of the moment? Chris Dixon of a16z joins OpenSea!

Chris Dixon is one of the most prominent figures in the crypto industry. He is best known for being a partner in a16z – the venture capital fund set up in 2009 by Marc Andreessen and Ben Horowitz – and for his commitment to promoting Web3. Dixon is by background a developer with a degree in philosophy, and has been involved in emerging technologies since the beginning of his career. The largest NFT marketplace OpenSea announced on 30th July 2022 that Dixon had joined its board of directors.

Chris Dixon, why Web3 is so important 

Forbes named Dixon the No. 1 venture investor in 2022. He has backed projects such as Uniswap, Avalanche, and Dapper Labs, which launched CryptoKitties. Uniswap’s CEO and founder Hayden Adams praised Dixon for his ability to bring the worlds of traditional finance and DeFi together, while Dapper Labs CEO Roham Gharegozlou credits Dixon with predicting the rise of NFTs, ‘Chris saw this industry before it started’. In fact, Dixon’s blog and Twitter profile have been a reference for in-depth coverage of Web3 topics since the dawn of the crypto world. Dixon’s insights are both technical and theoretical, his contributions discussing the birth of ideas, the fundamental questions of Web3, and the social, economic and technological changes we are experiencing.  ‘Why Web3 matters‘ from 2021 is one of his most famous tweets that built the narrative of the internet phases, user-centricity and ownership. 

OpenSea, the NFT giant 

To date, OpenSea is the largest and best known NFT marketplace, with over 2 million collections and billions of dollars in sales. It is also one of the first marketplaces on Ethereum, and indeed it was founded in 2017 just as CryptoKitties were exploding and the world was starting to hear about blockchain. OpenSea was the brainchild of Devin Finzer and Alex Atallah, who in 2017 began engaging with users and early adopters on Discord. In addition to investment funds like a16z, OpenSea is backed by funding angels like actor and producer Ashton Kutcher, Ben Silberman, CEO and Co-founder of Pinterest, and Justin Kan, Twitch co-founder. OpenSea features all kinds of NFT, ranging across art, virtual experiences, music and virtual property certificates. Creators and artists have the possibility to create NFTs for free on OpenSea without necessarily having to know the technical workings of the blockchain. OpenSea was granted a new funding round in January 2022 and reported to have reached a valuation of USD 13.3 billion. 

Chris Dixon joins OpenSea!

Dixon officially joined OpenSea’s board of directors at the end of July, taking over from Katie Haun, who left a16z to establish another fund, Hain Ventures. Dixon was welcomed by Devin Finzer, OpenSea’s current CEO.  

Commenting Dixon’s arrival on OpenSea Finzer wrote, ‘Anyone who has spent time with Chris knows he is a principled, rigorous, and intellectually honest thinker, and he consistently pushes us to zoom out and make sure we’re solving for the long term arc of the NFT space.’

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Splinterlands, winning battles with NFT cards

Splinterlands: the NTF card crypto game

Splinterlands is a collectible NFT card game similar to Magic and Hearthstone. Find out about the crypto game of the moment!

NFT card games were among the first crypto games to hit the play-to-earn scene. These games are easy to develop and integrate perfectly with the blockchain. In games like Hearthstone or Magic Arena, the cards you buy don’t really belong to you. In Splinterlands, on the other hand, every card is an NFT that you own on the blockchain, and you can sell it at any price, trade it or use it to destroy your enemies. Find out more about Splinterlands, the NFT card crypto game!

Splinterlands, the collectible NFT card game

Splinterlands is a collectible NFT card game created by two veteran game developers, Jesse “Aggroed” Reich and Matthew “Yabapmatt” Rosen. The two developers came up with the idea in 2018, and, after the Alpha and Beta phases, Splinterlands was officially released on 21 March 2021 on Hive Blockchain, at the height of the NFT hype.

The goal in Splinterlands is to collect cards and put together teams of elemental monsters that fight against other players. Each monster card has various special stats and abilities, so each one is suited for a specific role. For example, cards with a lot of Armour and Life are perfectly placed in the front line during fights, while cards with a lot of Attack or support abilities are ideal in the rearguard. In addition, each monster team is led by a Summoner – a special card that decides the team’s predominant element. There are 7 elements in Splinterlands, Fire, Death, Earth, Water, Life, Dragon and Neutral. Once you select your Summoner, your chosen Monsters must be of the same element. The Neutral cards, or mercenaries, are particular Monsters, i.e. they are wild cards.

Before a game, you must choose your team and position it. Formations are very important in Splinterlands, in fact, the card in the front line is the one that gets hit most often. So make sure it has plenty of Life and Armour! If it dies, it will be replaced by the nearest card in the rear. Beware, though, some Monsters cannot attack at close range, so make sure you put them as far away from the front line as possible. Other Monsters, however, have special abilities that allow them to hit creatures in the rear. A Monster with the Opportunity special ability, for example, will always attack the monster with the least Life. To line up a formation you must know all your cards and their characteristics thoroughly. 

Once you choose your team, all you have to do is watch the battle unfold! The first player to win two rounds wins the game. Luckily, Splinterlands, the NFT card crypto game, has very well-rendered animations, so there is no risk of getting bored.

How Splinterlands tokens work

When you first sign up to Splinterlands you get 105 so-called ‘ghost’ cards. These cards do not belong to you, but are given free of charge to all newbies to the game, to familiarise with Splinterlands. To start getting cards and tokens, you have to buy the Summoner’s Spellbook, which unlocks all the game’s features and allows you to connect to your favourite crypto wallet. 

The Summoner’s Spellbook is essential to become competitive on Splinterlands. NFT cards, unlike ghost cards, have levels. The higher the level, the higher the card stats. To improve the card level, you must fuse several NFT cards of the same type. You can get more cards by buying them directly from the official marketplace, or from other marketplaces such as OpenSea. Alternatively, you can buy Booster Packs, which include random cards of the set you have purchased, and can also include ‘Foil’ cards, which are very rare, have brilliant graphics and can gain experience faster. As they belong to you, you can freely sell NFT cards that you do not need, or you can lend them to a player. Each time the player wins a game with a loaned card, they will give you a percentage of the victory reward, in a similar fashion to Axie Infinity.

The game token in Splinterlands is called DEC (Dark Energy Crystal). These tokens can be earned by winning games or by burning your own NFT cards, if you want to get rid of them without going through a marketplace. You can use DEC to buy Booster Packs, different graphic embellishments for your cards, or various types of Potions (for example, some of them increase the possibility of getting Foil cards).

Splinterlands also has a second token called SPS (Splintershards), which is designed to manage the governance mechanisms. In fact, SPS tokens give you the right to vote in the  NFT collectible card crypto game’s DAO – owning them gives you a say in the crypto video game and the right to vote on new features or changes to the Splinterlands economy.
Splinterlands is a very exciting NFT card crypto game, capable of competing directly with big names such as Magic: The Gathering and Hearthstone. Magic, in particular, has a thriving market for ‘real’ cards, and Splinterlands wants to imitate it – but on the blockchain! If you’re not convinced you like the game, you can try it for free on their site. The tutorial is clear and concise and will guide you through the first steps, but then it’s up to you to create your own team and boost it! Each faction has a strength and a weakness, and it is essential to learn them in order to assemble a fearsome and well-trained Monster team. Splinterlands awaits you!

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According to Vitalik Buterin, Meta, Facebook’s metaverse, is destined for failure

Vitalik Buterin: Facebook's metaverse has no future

According to Buterin, the Metaverse is on its way, but not as Meta intends it. Why is the founder of Ethereum so sceptical?

Vitalik Buterin doesn’t mince words! The founder of Ethereum stated on Twitter on the 31st of July 2022 that he does not believe in any of the attempts by established companies to build a metaverse. Buterin spoke out, responding to a tweet by Dean Eigenmann, a young developer of smart contracts on the blockchain. The statement concerns the concept of the metaverse. In fact, Eigenmann stated that he supports the abstract idea of the metaverse, but that in his opinion, he is convinced that the transition of people into the ‘virtual world’ will not happen through the way traditional companies are promoting it.

Vitalik Buterin agreed with the developer’s assertions, adding that already established tech companies that are now trying to create their own metaverse, such as Facebook with Meta, are not going anywhere! The Metaverse is generally described and imagined as a 3D online world centred on social sharing, which will be able to establish itself through the use of innovative technologies such as virtual and augmented reality. But according to Vitalik, it is so far impossible to imagine the use cases and predict the problems that the metaverse will have to solve. Paraphrasing Buterin’s thesis, any attempt to build a metaverse today is a step in the dark and pure experimentation, and as with anything new, the risk of failure is high.

Meta’s initiatives and the issue of decentralisation

Meta is going through one of the most difficult times since its founding. For the first time in its history, the company recorded a 36% drop in profits in the last year. It is nevertheless continuing to develop new software, with the aim of guaranteeing users a fully immersive experience. Meta Horizon World for example, is the first embryo of the Facebook metaverse. It currently takes the form of a virtual reality video game/social network in which users can create their own worlds. Meta is also working on a new physical product that will facilitate interaction with the Metaverse: the Meta smart glasses. With this new product, which should be released by 2024, it will be possible to record videos and interact with the virtual world through virtual and augmented reality technologies. Vitalik’s criticism, however, revolves around the issue of centralisation. According to the founder of Ethereum, it is precisely the very nature of companies such as Facebook and Microsoft that is at odds with the Metaverse concept. The strong centralisation of these companies does not fit at all with the basic ideas of these virtual worlds, and more generally of Web3, such as digital ownership and the total decentralisation of protocols. For Vitalik Buterin, the Facebook metaverse has no future precisely because it will not be on the blockchain.

An alliance for the decentralised Metaverse: OMA3 is born

In order to reflect on the decentralisation of the Metaverse, the Open Metaverse Alliance was created, a decentralised organisation composed of the major players in the field. The OMA3 is a DAO that operates as a consortium. The DAO is guided by principles of inclusiveness, transparency and decentralisation and is based on the important concept of real-time interoperability. Interoperability means the ability to interact with multiple protocols simultaneously and easily in a system where digital ownership is universally recognised. Let’s say we own, for instance, an avatar on The Sandbox; in a system where interoperability is guaranteed, we will own that avatar in whatever metaverse we are in.

Among the members of the organisation are established realities in the Web3 world such as: The Sandbox, Animoca Brands, Alien World and Decentraland. OMA3 is thus a body that verifies and promotes the decentralisation of metaverses, with the aim of creating a unified Web3 universe in which the ownership of digital assets (such as NFTs) is universally recognised and controlled by users. At the opposite end of this vision stands Meta, Facebook’s metaverse, with its centralisation of resources, data and platforms. The decentralisation-oriented work of OMA3 could avoid the failure of the ‘metaverse’ concept as envisaged by Vitalik Buterin. The future of the metaverse will play out on one feature: blockchain yes or no?

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How much do cryptos pollute? Stellar’s answer

Stellar Foundation: how much do cryptocurrencies pollute?

How much do cryptos really pollute? With Stellar and Pwc we can finally quantify the blockchain’s environmental impact

How much do cryptocurrencies pollute? Or rather, how much do blockchains pollute? The debate on this thorny question has been going on for some time now. The peak of media coverage was definitely reached in May 2021, more precisely on the 13th, when Elon Musk, in one of his frequent exploits, tweeted that Tesla would no longer accept Bitcoin because of the strong environmental impact of mining.

The tycoon’s sensationalist statements aside, the pollution generated by blockchains – particularly those that still possess Proof-of-Work type consensus mechanisms – is a hot topic in the industry. For example, Ethereum, through its upcoming update “The Merge”, is in the process of switching to another mechanism, used by most blockchains, Proof-of-Stake. This consensus mechanism, in fact, does not require the large amount of computing power generated by mining rigs composed of very powerful and energy-intensive hardware, but, instead, relies on the staking of cryptocurrencies. Like Ethereum, other blockchains are striving to solve this problem once and for all. PwC – Pricewaterhouse Coopers, a multinational providing management, strategic consulting, financial statement auditing and legal advice – and Stellar have started collaborating on this. The aim is to develop a framework to assess blockchain protocols’ electricity consumption and emissions.

Stellar’s performance

SDF (Stellar Development Foundation) and PwC US analysed data on electricity use, greenhouse gas emissions and electronic and organic waste. In addition to the environmental impact, the framework also assessed the different consensus mechanisms’ performances. The research showed that Stellar’s network consumption is low compared to the average. Thanks to the Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP), a low energy consensus mechanism based on the proof-of-agreement algorithm, the Stellar grid currently uses an estimated 481,324 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity per year. This translates into approximately 173,243 kilograms (kg) of CO₂ emissions per year, which is equivalent to the average CO₂ emissions produced by the electricity use of 33.7 US homes in one year. Despite the already low energy consumption of the Stellar blockchain, SDF has committed to offsetting the carbon dioxide emissions generated since 2015, the year of its foundation. 

Task.io and Biochar Life’s venture – how is biochar produced and used?

Task.io. is another Stellar initiative aimed at reducing environmental impact beyond blockchain technology. It is a mobile-first project built on the Stellar blockchain that helps social organisations collect data, provide incentives and report on their environmental impact. Among other partners, Task works with the impact venture Biochar Life to educate and engage smallholder farmers in developing countries on how to produce and use biochar. Biochar, or charcoal, is a substance obtained by burning organic agricultural waste (also called biomass) in a process in which very little oxygen is used. At the same time, when the materials burn, they release a reduced amount of carbon dioxide. Biochar is then used as fertiliser, compost and animal feed.

Stellar’s role: Data immutability and the STS token

How is the blockchain used in this process? The data collected by Task.io mainly includes the following variables – how the biochar was produced, how much biochar was produced and how it was used. Once submitted, the data is verified by the Biochar Life team and placed within the Stellar blockchain to ensure that it is immutable and publicly available.

For every tonne of carbon used in the charcoal production process, a Stop the Smoke (STS) token is issued on Stellar, which is later sold to people who want to offset their carbon footprint. A portion of the funds is then returned to farmers to incentivise the production of more biochar. To date, 34 STS tokens have been minted, meaning that 34 tonnes of carbon have been disposed of through the Biochar Life and Task partnership.

More and more blockchains are starting to take action to reduce their environmental impact. Polygon and Algorand, in particular, have implemented a plan to make their networks green.

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Solana, Polygon and HTC: the smartphone challenge to win over the Web3

Which is the best crypto smartphone? Solana, Polygon or HTC

The best crypto smartphone? Solana, Polygon and HTC launch their smartphones in a challenge to lead the Web3 sector

A flaw often attributed to Web3 platforms is their lack of usability. Finding a solution to facilitating processes such as buying and selling NFTs, interacting with play-to-earn games, and making this all happen securely, is a challenge crypto companies are forced to tackle.

Polygon, Solana and HTC are presenting possible solutions and are ready to venture into an area still unexplored by blockchain companies – the crypto smartphone sector. 

Polygon & Nothing – the Web3 in the palm of your hand

Which will be the best crypto smartphone around? Let’s take a look at the MATIC blockchain’s plan – Polygon has announced a collaboration with Nothing, a London-based start-up that is making quite a splash with its environmentally friendly smartphone Phone (1). Nothing has already shown an interest in interacting with the Web3 universe. For the launch of its first product, it created an NFT collection on Ethereum, the Nothing Black Dot, which will be distributed by airdrop until the 26th of September to people who have pre-ordered the product. These NFTs will grant holders certain benefits, such as early access to all the brand’s products and the chance to participate in exclusive events.

As far as integrating Ethereum’s Layer 2, Polygon’s Phone (1) will allow easier access to Dapps, Web3 games, and greater security for cryptocurrency payments. Nothing’s product is in a mid-range price bracket, the technical specifications are intermediate, and it can be found on Amazon at the price of €579 (in Italy). 

HTC Desire 22, the key to the metaverse

HTC has always been committed to intercepting and developing new technology trends. Indeed, through its Vive side-brand, it was one of the first companies to develop virtual reality products, releasing a visor with revolutionary features in 2015.

With the new HTC Desire 22 smartphone, HTC continues in the same direction: the device will be able to interact with applications built on both Ethereum and Polygon. The main goal the development team has set is not so much to offer a supersonic smartphone; in fact, the technical specifications are not mind-boggling. Instead, HTC’s target was to develop a cheaper device that allows seamless integration with Viverse, the metaverse owned by the Taiwanese company and which allows its customers to hold NFTs and crypto in a simple and secure manner. The release price is expected to be around €380.

Solana Saga, it’s time for crypto

During NFT week in New York, Solana announced the arrival of its new mobile product in early 2023 – the Saga smartphone.

In addition to the Android smartphone, the blockchain platform presented the Solana Mobile Stack (SMS) software kit. The kit will enable the development of native Web3 applications for Android devices integrating the Seed Vault secure storage protocol. Seed Vault facilitates the instant signing of transactions while keeping private keys separate from wallets, applications and the operating system. Of the three solutions, the one proposed by Solana appears to be the most versatile and innovative. Thanks to the Solana Mobile Stack, anyone can develop optimised and secure applications. Its software superiority, however, inevitably reflects on its price. Indeed, the smartphone, which can already be pre-ordered, will be sold for $1,000.

So, to draw a conclusion, which is the best crypto smartphone? Saga is unbeatable from a technical point of view, but HTC’s phone delivers value for money. Will Phone (1) become the easiest way to use dapps on Polygon? These joint initiatives by both blockchain and ‘traditional’ companies certainly could be a turning point in the mass adoption of Web3 technologies. Making dapps, as well as every aspect of cryptocurrency in general, more user-friendly is perhaps the last big roadblock before mass adoption. We look forward to discovering what horizons will open up thanks to this new type of device and whether other brands will pursue similar projects.