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‘In-chain’ NFTs? The Moonbirds collection offers an explanation

Moonbirds NFTs: What are on-chain and in-chain NFTs?

The future of the Moonbirds NFT collection is all about being on-chain. Let’s find out what the difference is between on-chain, in-chain and off-chain NFTs

PROOF, the Web3 startup that created the Moonbirds NFT collection, has just unveiled the project’s future plans. Among the planned features is making all its non-fungible tokens ‘in-chain’. You may have already heard about the difference between on-chain and off-chain NFTs. But what exactly is meant by ‘in-chain’? 

All the records in the Moonbirds collection

The NFTs of the Moonbirds collection were released in April 2022 and within 48 hours of launch, all 10,000 NFTs were sold out. Moonbirds is a PFP collection of images designed to be used as profile photos, depicting automatically generated, pixelated avatars of owls. According to CryptoSlam, Moonbirds ranks 10th in total sales of collections, PROOF’s NFTs have generated sales of over $590 million! Thanks to these impressive numbers and the support it has received from the industry, this collection has earned blue chip status for some. Moonbirds also stands out from other collections because it introduced the staking of NFTs, called ‘nesting’.

At the end of August 2022, PROOF (coordinated by Venture Capital investor Kevin Rose) offered an explanation for the future. The creation and storage of NFT projects, including Moonbirds spin-off collections, will be managed in-chain. To understand what in-chain NFTs are, let us first look at the difference between on-chain and off-chain NFTs.

On-chain and off-chain NFTs, what is the difference?

The parameter for recognising whether a non-fungible token is on-chain and an off-chain concerns its storage. We know that the ownership and uniqueness of NFTs is guaranteed by the blockchain, but where are NFTs stored? An NFT is composed of:

●     An ID: a unique identification code that distinguishes tokens from one another and is registered via smart contracts on blockchain;

●     Metadata: as digital content. Each NFT consists of a set of metadata that configures its appearance, such as shapes, colours, names, sizes, the type of hat, the plumage or expression of the owls (in the case of Moonbirds) but also information such as maximum supply.

The non-fungible token ID is always stored on blockchain, and functions as a certificate of authenticity and uniqueness of an NFT. However, metadata is often stored elsewhere, i.e. off-chain. Storing metadata off-chain is the most popular option used by creators of NFT collections, who rely on external, centralised or decentralised hosting services and servers. In contrast, storing an NFT on-chain means that the entire token – including metadata – exists on a blockchain.

Is on-chain storage better than off-chain storage?

On-chain storage may be preferable because all aspects of the token are directly manageable and verifiable by the owners. However, it is a very expensive route due to the size of the data that has to be recorded on the blockchain. JPEG images for instance contain a lot of data, and collections often consist of hundreds or thousands of images all different from each other. Most NFT projects, including CryptoPunks and the Bored Ape Yacht Club, have chosen to store their content off-chain.

As anticipated, off-chain hosting and archiving services can be either centralised or decentralised. With centralised hosting providers, there is a risk (although unlikely) that they could shut down at any time, jeopardising the existence of the stored NFTs. All that would remain for the owner would be the ID on the blockchain. Decentralised storage is managed by systems such as IPFS. When a file is stored on IPFS, it receives a unique hash of the content that links it to the entire network. Although NFTs on IPFS are not technically stored on the blockchain, no one can lose or hack files on IPFS as no one can shut down the cloud. This is because it is managed in a decentralised manner by thousands of nodes.

Moonbirds: what are in-chain NFTs?

In contrast to this, PROOF has a plan to make its NFTs ‘in-chain’. By this term, PROOF implies that not only the data storage will be on-chain, but also the creation itself: ‘to make sure that it is fully decentralised and visible for generations to come’. The metadata will therefore be created by the same smart contract that attests to the existence and certifies the authenticity of the token. In other words, the code that creates the digital artwork will be on the blockchain. Harri Thomas of PROOF explained that with this procedure, the graphic representation of each Moonbirds NFT “will be built by the smart contract itself from art layers, which will also be stored on the blockchain”.

PROOF and Moonbirds’ roadmap also includes the establishment of a DAO and a governance token. The launch of a spinoff collection called ‘Moonbirds Mythics’, which will comprise 20,000 NFTs and will be launched in early 2023. The new collection will not follow the pixel art aesthetic, the images will be drawn with a technique that mimics the freehand style. These new designs will be made possible thanks to newly obtained funding. In fact, PROOF has just raised $50 million in a Series A funding round led by venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz, also known as a16z.

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Cardano: Vasil hard fork coming on the 22nd of September

Cardano: Vasil update arrives on the 22nd of September

The Cardano Foundation developers have announced the date for the hard fork: the Vasil update arrives on the 22nd of September 2022!

For major crypto projects, this September 2022 is the month to look to the future and get up to speed. The event on everyone’s mind is definitely Ethereum’s The Merge. However, Cardano and its crypto ADA (developed by one of Ethereum’s own founders, Charles Hoskinson) are ready to begin the Vasil update. The main goal of the update, or hard fork, is to increase the speed and scalability of Cardano‘s blockchain and make it generally more powerful and cheaper. These improvements are aimed at facilitating the development of decentralised applications (DApps), especially in the area of Decentralised Finance (DeFi), and increasing the possibilities of use cases for ADA. Let’s discover what is new with the Vasil update, coming at the end of September!

Cardano’s Vasil update arrives on the 22nd of September 2022

After some problems on the testnet that were solved efficiently and quickly by the Cardano team, the date for the hard fork of the ADA crypto blockchain has finally been announced. The Vasil update will take place on the 22nd of September 2022. Cardano is a blockchain created in 2015 and based on the Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism. This allows it to be highly scalable, meaning it can handle a large number of transactions per second. On the other hand, a hard fork is an update of a protocol in which very radical changes are implemented to the point of making it incompatible with previous versions.

But where does the Vasil update coming on the 22nd of September 2022 fit on Cardano’s roadmap? The Cardano roadmap is divided into five macro-phases, each of which has a main objective. At the moment, we are in the phase called Basho which wants to improve the scalability of the network as its primary objective. In other words, increasing the number of users who use it every day without worsening performance or making it more expensive. The Vasil hard fork will happen automatically: users with ADA crypto or using DeFi DApps on Cardano’s blockchain should not even notice it. Vasil will in fact be implemented using Cardano’s hard-fork combinator (HFC), an innovative technology that enables protocol transitions and updates without interrupting the smooth operation of the network.

Why is the update named as such? The name Vasil was chosen to pay homage to Vasil St. Dabov a Bulgarian developer who was the Chief Blockchain Advisor of a software research and development company named Quanterall before his passing in December 2021. Vasil St. Dabov was a very active member of the crypto community and an ambassador for Cardano. The date of the update is also symbolic, as the 22nd September coincides with the day on which Bulgaria, St. Dabov’s birthplace, celebrates its independence from the Ottoman Empire.

What changes will be implemented for Cardano users and developers?

Vasil will provide some key functionalities to enable the launch of further projects on Cardano. At the same time, it will offer an upgrade path (with increased speed, transactional capability and more powerful scripts) to existing DApps. Specifically, Vasil will modify the transaction validation and transmission system with a mechanism called Diffusion Pipelineing. With this mechanism, blocks will be added to the network when they are created and not only when they are complete. This optimises the timing of block validation and enables Cardano’s blockchain to not only guarantee faster transactions, but also to increase its security by making possible attacks much more complex.

However, the update was also designed with the developers in mind, i.e. those involved in creating decentralised applications on the network.

With Vasil, the programming language with which smart contracts are written on Cardano’s blockchain called Plutus will also be updated. The hard fork will give rise to Plutus V2, which will enable developers to develop more efficient and cost-effective DApps (from a transaction perspective).

To date, Cardano ranks 29th among all the blockchains in terms of volumes traded on its platforms, of which there are currently only twelve. The current total blockchain value (TVL) is around $80 million. We will see if the Vasil update, due on 22 September 2022 will help Cardano’s network make its way into the big world of DeFi and increase the use cases of crypto ADA.

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5 interesting facts about The Merge, the update that will change crypto forever

The Merge: 5 things you didn't know about the Ethereum update

The update that will change Ethereum and crypto forever is coming. Find out 5 things you didn’t know about The Merge!

‘The Merge’ refers to the set of updates that will lead the Ethereum blockchain to change its consensus mechanism from Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake. In the crypto world, this has been the talk of the town for months. The Ethereum update is so important that ‘The Merge’ has become a commonly used term to indicate the final activation of the update and more generally the passage to the 2.0 version of Ethereum.

So, what will change with Ethereum 2.0? Transactions will be faster, cheaper and more green. The network will be more decentralised and secure, which will make the Ethereum blockchain more scalable and energy efficient. However, The Merge will not only impact Vitalik Buterin‘s blockchain, the upgrade will also change the crypto world forever. Ethereum is the blockchain on which the main Decentralised Finance protocols are built and in which the world of NFTs is developed. To learn more about the more technical aspects of The Merge, we refer you to Academy’s article on Ethereum 2.0. However, read on to discover 5 things you didn’t know about The Merge!

1.   Why is the Ethereum update called The Merge?

This Ethereum update is called ‘The Merge’ because it consists of the merging of two chains into one. With the update, Ethereum’s Beacon Chain and mainnet will be merged together. The former is the Proof-of-Stake network that has been active since 2020 and used as a ‘Consensus’ layer, but not yet for processing transactions. The mainnet, on the other hand, is the only ‘Execution’ layer of the blockchain on which miners will work until The Merge. With the completion of the upgrade, these two chains will be merged together to improve the performance of Ethereum.

2.   Why is the release date of The Merge changing?

The final phase and activation of the update was planned for September 2022. For a long time no official date for the release of The Merge was communicated. In the past months, the date has been postponed more than once. Even when September was identified as a possible date, the Ethereum developers only hinted at a broad activation period, namely between the 10th and the 20th of September. On the 6th September, Vitalik Buterin narrowed it down to between the 13th and 15th of the month. But why is the exact release date of The Merge not known? Ethereum’s developers did not schedule the update based on the calendar, and thus on a time parameter, but by referring to the Total Terminal Difficulty (TTD). The TTD is the value reached at which the Proof-of-Stake update will be released. It can be understood as similar to the score obtained in order to pass a level in a video game. The Merge will only be completed when the TTD of the value 58750000000000000 is reached. The TTD is the parameter that indicates the level of difficulty that miners have to face to validate the last block in Ethereum’s Proof-of-Work. This value depends on many factors and it is therefore not possible to establish with certainty when the network will reach that value. This is why the date of The Merge is constantly changing.

3.   Beyond Buterin, here is the team of The Merge

Among the thousands of programmers who keep the Ethereum protocol going, you may not know that 119 experts are working on The Merge. Together with this group, some prominent personalities from the crypto world have also joined. From the Ethereum Foundation, researchers Danny Ryan and Justin Drake have contributed directly to The Merge project. The former has been working on The Merge since 2017 (fun fact: The Merge and the move to PoS had already been suggested in 2015, shortly after the birth of Ethereum), in relation to issues such as scalability, sustainability and security. Drake, on the other hand, had a coordination and public relations role.

Vitalik Buterin, of course, also contributed to The Merge update as the mastermind behind the new understanding of Ethereum and as a populariser with the general public. We can credit Buterin for the design philosophy of the new consensus mechanism. Another key figure is Tim Beiko who heads the team of developers. Beiko became the main spokesperson on social media for the development team and managed the many steps necessary for The Merge. Among all the people working on The Merge, we should also mention Mikhail Kalinin of ConsenSys, a software development company that collaborates with Ethereum. They established the details of the Beacon Chain and, according to Beiko, Kalinin is one of those who ‘literally built and steered the ship’. Kalinin called his experience at Ethereum ‘an example of true diversification and decentralisation of work on a research and development project’.

4.   Will there be a new Ethereum 2.0 coin?

As the completion of The Merge approaches, many have wondered whether Ethereum 2.0, the new version of the Proof-of-Stake blockchain, will have a new coin. And again, what will happen to the existing ETHs in our wallets? To answer this question, you have to consider the two possible scenarios following the activation of the update. After The Merge there could be a hard fork of the blockchain in which Ethereum would split into two different chains, one with the consensus mechanism it has always had (PoW) and another that relies instead on staking to validate transactions. In this case, a new coin would be created accordingly, which is currently referred to as ‘ETHPOW’. The chain with the PoS consensus mechanism will retain Ether (ETH) as its native coin, and the PoW chain will instead continue mining ETHPOW. The PoW chain will only remain in existence as long as miners continue to use and support it.

Should a new cryptocurrency actually be created, it will be distributed via airdrop in a 1:1 ratio. Basically your ETH holdings will not change because of this. To prepare for The Merge on Young Platform, read the dedicated announcement.

5.   Sustainable NFTs in the spotlight

Among the 5 things you might not know about The Merge is the green revolution in the NFT world. Let’s consider that most non-fungible tokens are built on Ethereum. Following The Merge, there will be a drastic reduction in the environmental impact of NFT production and transactions. This is because the consensus mechanism that enables Ethereum activity will no longer rely on the computing power of the miners but on the mechanism of staking. In other words, all the electricity used to power the mining hardware will no longer be needed. All blockchain-related activities will be more energy sustainable. 

One of the main criticisms levelled at NFTs concerns the energy required for their ‘minting’, i.e. the process by which digital assets are created. Concerns about the pollution produced by non-fungible tokens have intensified, especially in the current context of an environmental and energy crisis. With greener NFTs, the sector could attract new enthusiasts and experience a creative rally. Creators and new projects will be able to indulge in creating art on the blockchain, no longer intimidated by the environmental footprint.

 

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Roblox: what is it and how does its metaverse work?

What is the Roblox metaverse and how does it work?

Find out what Roblox, the metaverse with the most active users in the world, is and how it really works!

Do you know what Roblox is and how it works? It is a centralised Metaverse that, unlike The Sandbox or Decentraland, is not based on blockchain. Roblox is a platform that contains over 40 million free games but also a virtual world in which to interact with other gamers. On Roblox, users have a lot of expressive space and can create their own games and experiences. But let’s see what Roblox is and how it works.

What is Roblox? Birth of the metaverse and relation to gaming

To best clarify what Roblox is and how this metaverse works, we must start at the beginning of its history. This virtual world was created by David Baszucki and Eric Cassel, two Californian guys with a passion for computers. The two computer wizards started their entrepreneurial career by creating a small company called Knowledge Revolution. Knowledge Revolution’s embryonic product was called Interactive Physics, a platform that used two-dimensional models to study virtual physics. In 2004, after Knowledge Revolution was sold to MSC Software Corporation for $20 million, Roblox was born. 

Over time, the company has expanded and evolved to become an institution in the gaming world, especially for younger people, as there is no minimum age to join the platform. In 2020, the Roblox metaverse achieved an incredible popularity that allowed it to go public. To date, its market capitalisation is around $25 million. But how many people are there in this virtual world? Active users during 2022 were more than 50 million, and earlier this year, the Roblox metaverse managed to break the record for the number of simultaneously connected gamers on one platform, 9.3 million on 4 February 2023.

Now, however, we need to point out that its metaverse is different from decentralised metaverses such as The Sandbox or Decentraland. It is in fact a completely centralised and managed platform, similar to a classic video game. Roblox also does not use blockchain technology and does not guarantee digital ownership of virtual worlds and objects through NFTs or tokens. Although this platform is not related to the Web3 universe, it is nevertheless one of the realities that is contributing to the development and spread of the Metaverse in popular culture. 

Join the Roblox metaverse and create your own virtual world!

In the Roblox metaverse you can really play anything! Among the 40 million games available, there is plenty of choice. You can become a professional puppy breeder by playing the popular game Adopt Me! You can fight against your friends in a DragonBall-inspired fighting game called DBZ Final Stand and you can sculpt your avatar’s physique in the gyms of the virtual world of Training Simulator. The first Roblox game was Rocket Arena, which was released on the platform in January 2006 and is still available in its first version, which is now called ‘Classic Rocket Arena’. 

As anticipated, this is not only a platform on which to play different video games for free, but also an ecosystem that allows users to create their own 3D worlds. Thanks to Roblox Studio, a programme that uses the company’s proprietary graphics engine and the Lua Script programming language, users can express their creativity and share their creations with the other inhabitants of the Metaverse.

Having understood what Roblox is, the only question remains: how does it really work? Using the platform and playing the games on it is totally free. The only paid items within the Roblox metaverse are the skins and the infinite number of virtual objects with which to customise avatars and environments. These ‘digital goods’ can be created and sold by anyone; the exchange takes place thanks to the game’s currency called Robux. The in-game currency works like the more classic coins of traditional video games, so it has no real value outside the game and can be purchased from the store through fiat currency payments.

The most exciting concerts on Roblox

Roblox is one of the virtual worlds with the most concerts, so much so that it was chosen by MTV as the location for its award ceremony dedicated to the Metaverse. The TV channel included the “Best Metaverse Performance” award in the “Video Music Awards 2022” (VMA) in August 2022. The VMAs were also broadcast, on Monday 29 August 2022, in Roblox’s MTV world ‘The VMA Experience’. 

Among the most exciting events in this Metaverse, Justin Bieber, Twenty One Pilots and Charli XCX in 2021, all three nominated for the MTV ‘Best Metaverse Performance’ award. The most important concert of 2023 was, so far, the one organised to celebrate the Super Bowl, the final of the world’s most important American football championship, the NFL. Instead of Rihanna, who performed at half-time of the game that was played, real world, in Glendale, Arizona; taking the virtual stage at Roblox was Saweetie, a rapper who is very famous in the States. The event took place from 10 to 12 February, inside ‘Warner Music Group’s Rhythm City’, the virtual world owned by the record label, and was also an opportunity to promote the official NFL (National Football League) game, Super NFL Tycoon available to users of the metaverse from 4 February. 

Some famous brands that have chosen Roblox

Attentive brands that tend to ride new trends are becoming more and more inclined to use new technologies in order to promote their products to new generations. Gucci and Nike, for example, know what Roblox is and how its metaverse works! Gucci debuted there in October 2021 with its dedicated world called Gucci Town. It is a lush and colourful mansion that offers those who visit it the opportunity to earn GG gems, create collectible clothes and accessories, and purchase limited edition virtual items. A virtual Gucci handbag sold for around $4,000 in the Roblox metaverse. 

Another example of brands that have chosen this virtual world? Nike, with the virtual city Nikeland! Nike‘s objective is to test new prototypes of shoes and clothing, to capture the tastes and preferences of young users in order to develop increasingly popular products. Kellog’s, Tommy Hilfiger, Givenchy and many other iconic brands have also found a home on Roblox!
Now that you know what Roblox is and how its metaverse works, find out how to get into it! You’ll be able to play more than 40 million games, interact with many famous users and brands, and attend concerts like never before!

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FIFA and Algorand, the NFTs of the World Cup

Algorand and FIFA: NFTs for the World Cup

FIFA launches an NFT collection on Algorand dedicated to the World Cup with the FIFA+ Collect platform!

The world of football is one of the environments in which Web3 technologies are becoming more established, both in terms of investment and public response. It started with Socios’ fan tokens, then Sorare‘s NFT fantasy football. Now, we are presented with a platform that will be birthed from a collaboration between FIFA and Algorand: FIFA+. The collaboration was already announced in May 2022. Silvio Micali’s blockchain is becoming to all intents and purposes a technical partner of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Algorand will not only appear with its logo but will also actively contribute to the expansion of the largest global football federation into Web3. Let’s find out how the FIFA+ platform will work and what will the NFTs of the World Cup look like?

FIFA+ Collect, the most iconic moments of the World Cup in NFT

The memorable moments of the World Cup will soon become NFTs. The last penalty kicked by Fabio Grosso at the 2006 World Cup? Kylian Mbappe’s stunning goal from outside the box that sealed France’s 2018 victory? A clip from the notorious Brazil – Germany match in 2014? FIFA is planning to record iconic footage from World Cup history and keep it forever on the blockchain via a dedicated NFT platform in collaboration with Algorand. The NFT platform is called FIFA+ Collect and is part of the broader FIFA+ project. Fans around the world will be able to buy their favourite goal, assist or chant from the men’s and women’s World Cups of the past! And perhaps also of the near future: the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 will be held in November this year. The ownership and uniqueness of the World Cup NFTs will be guaranteed by Algorand’s blockchain. The FIFA+ Collect initiative closely resembles the one undertaken by the NBA, the American basketball league, with the NBA Top Shot project on the Ethereum blockchain

Details on the FIFA and Algorand World Cup NFTs have not yet been released. Teasers of the collections are expected to be released during the 2022 World Cup in Qatar. FIFA+, however, will not only be an NFT platform, but a space where a huge amount of different content can be displayed. Including live football matches, news, games and NFTs. Algorand continues to develop very interesting projects, especially in the world of content. Silvio Micali‘s blockchain also acquired the digital music sharing service Napster earlier this year, and has partnered with LimeWire, launching an NFT marketplace focused on music.

Changing the way of experiencing sport

The launch of the FIFA+ platform opens a broader discourse on the role of fans within the entertainment world of the future. Statements from the person who conceived the collection of official FIFA World Cup NFTs relate to this very topic: “Fandom is changing and football fans around the world are approaching the game in new and exciting ways,” said Romy Gai, FIFA’s Chief Business Officer. “FIFA collectibles will be available to all football fans, everyone will be able to own a part of the FIFA World Cup,” Gai stressed. The slogan of Socios, the platform on the Chiliz blockchain to buy fan tokens of sports teams or clubs that is also a sponsor of UEFA is ‘Be more than a fan‘. This sums up well the idea that Web3 platforms are developing for the enjoyment of sports events. Fans will no longer play the role of a passive spectator, but will be a protagonist in the choices of the teams and to a small extent also the owner of the club. Thanks to the concept of digital ownership, not only fandom, but also the world of sports collecting is changing, especially thanks to tokens and NFTs. In the future, you will be able to be the rightful owner of Maradona’s goal in the 1986 World Cup quarter-finals, from which the nickname ‘The hand of god’ originated (unless perhaps you are an England fan). Also, thanks to fan tokens, you can play your part in defining the destiny of your favourite team by actively participating in transfer market decisions!

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What happened at Decentraland’s Metaverse Art Week exhibition 2022

What happened at Decentraland’s Metaverse Art Week 2022

From the 24th to the 28th of August, the most famous digital artists and projects gathered in Decentraland. Find out what happened at Metaverse Art Week 2022!

Decentraland, the virtual world on Ethereum, hosted the third edition of Metaverse Art Week from the 24th to the 28th of August. After the first metaverse Fashion Week this March, Decentraland dedicated five days to contemporary art on the blockchain. In the metaverse’s art districts such as Soho Plaza or the Voltaire Art District, events, exhibitions and panel discussions dedicated to digital art on blockchain took place. The theme and title of Metaverse Art Week in Decentraland was ‘The World is Made of Code‘. Reality can be considered as a set of codes, patterns and formulas that shape both the natural and especially the virtual world. The initiative therefore welcomed artworks and immersive experiences inspired by the drawings and mathematical patterns found in nature. Top artists from the NFT scene and beyond participated in Metaverse Art Week. Find out about the art projects in Decentraland and what happened at Metaverse Art Week 2022!

The theme of the Metaverse Art Week: the relationship between mankind and technology

The immersive art installations, performances and conceptual art exhibitions of the Metaverse Art Week opened a debate on the topic of the relationship between individuals and technology and how the latter shape reality. This theme is inspired by the guiding questions of the Art Biennale in Venice opening in April 2022. The artists currently exhibiting in Venice have questioned the changing definition of mankind in relation to technology, as well as its pervasive and transformative presence. Decentraland’s Metaverse Art Week explored ‘code’ as a factor that brings virtual worlds to life, and how ““the human spirit is hardwired to elicit an emotional response when presented with art inspired by the mathematical designs present in nature”  . The Decentraland initiative was a moment of alignment between the reflections of the contemporary art world and the new frontier that is Web3.

An audio-guided tour and Artnet debates

One of the novelties of the Metaverse Art Week was an art walk with an audio guide made possible by Audio Art Tour. Once you successfully landed in the welcome area with your avatar, you could request a pair of virtual headphones with which to listen to the guide along the entire route of the exhibitions in Decentraland. Just like in a museum, the voice of a guide explained the works in detail and presented the projects. During the five days of the event, Artnet, one of the largest online art communities, organised artistic performances, live-poetry sessions and the creation of pieces of art with artificial intelligence in connection with the theme of the Art Week.

Frida Kahlo’s artistic legacy on show at Decentraland

Frida Kahlo‘s family, in collaboration with Ezel (a platform offering services to create Web3 experiences, opened a permanent installation called Frida Kahlo Family Red House in Decentraland. It tells the story of the first half of the artist’s life and displays some never-before-seen works. For the occasion, unpublished artwork, artefacts and family histories of the Mexican painter were digitised. The founders of Ezel claimed to have collected almost 800 unique pieces that belonged to the artist, including sketches, original artwork and other objects used in Kahlo’s daily life.

Each piece of content was scanned using high-resolution image capture tools, requiring at least 30 different images and videos. Decentraland users will be able to visit the works within the installation that replicates the Red House owned by the family in Mexico. Pedro Quinzaños Cancino, the founder of Ezel and a friend of the Kahlo family, said in an interview that when he suggested the project to Frida’s heirs, he was met with some resistance and scepticism. Later, the Kahlo family chose to rely on emerging technologies such as the metaverse to tell stories that would otherwise have disappeared.

The Sotheby’s and UXart Lab exhibition

During the event, UXart Lab exhibited the works of some Latin American artists from the 1960s such as Marta Minujín, Gyula Kosice and Eduardo MacEntyre who best represent kinetic and pop art, but also contemporary and digital artists such as Alberto Echegaray Guevara. These artists are currently exhibiting in real life at the Venice Biennale. Another art company that is no stranger to virtual galleries in Decentraland is the auction house Sotheby’s. Its vice-president Michael Bouhanna explained that their experience with Decentraland allowed them to experiment with cutting-edge exhibitions for digital works and transpositions of physical works. At the Metaverse Art Week, Sotheby’s reaffirmed its interest in NFT and blockchain art by presenting new pieces in the exhibition such as jewellery sculptures in collaboration with Metagolden. Decentraland’s Metaverse Art Week was also attended by a number of NFT marketplaces such as Rarible, OpenSea, SuperRare and Know Origin. The latter presented an installation entitled ‘Crypto Winter’, which mocks the volatility of cryptocurrencies.

The Ukrainian Museum of War History

At Metaverse Art Week, an exhibition space was also reserved for the works of the Meta History Museum of War: the NFT project that chronicles the war in Ukraine step by step since the beginning of the conflict. The aim of the digital museum, founded on the 25th of March 2022, is to document what is happening on the frontline through artistic expression and to raise funds for the reconstruction of the country’s artistic heritage. From the sale of these non-fungible tokens, more than $1 million has been raised.

Cash Labs’ gallery with Damien hirst and Estée Lauder’s POAPs

Cash Labs, a Web3 content creation platform, launched its first art gallery in Decentraland. Among the artists it presents are Damien Hirst, Laurel Charleston and Justin Aversano. The Cash Labs exhibition has been organised on four levels, the first group working under the theme ‘From Physical to Digital’, and it is the level where Hirst is exhibited. The second level is entitled ‘Art for the Metaverse. The third level of the Cash Labs exhibition is dedicated to the first NFT collection by Nick Knight, the British fashion photographer and founder of SHOWstudio.com. On the fourth and final floor, users who visited the entire exhibition received a free POAP by Estée Lauder as a certificate of participation.

These were the highlights of what happened at Metaverse Art Week 2022 in Decentraland, the public reception was good but there was no shortage of criticism. Some participants pointed out that the graphic layout of Decentraland’s metaverse was still primitive and unsuitable for conveying the complexity of contemporary art. For Decentraland, however, this can only be constructive criticism.

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Decentralised Stablecoins: Curve, Acala and Tron’s innovations

New stablecoins coming in 2022 and those in crisis: Curve, Acala and Tron

We present stablecoins arriving in 2022 as well as those in crisis. What happened to FEI and aUSD? What are the plans for Curve and Aave?

The desire of DeFi platforms to create stablecoins is certainly one of the trends of the moment. Stablecoins are cryptos that remain pegged to the price of fiat currencies, usually to the value of the dollar. They fall into two categories: algorithmic ones and those that base their value on reserves of funds that serve as the underlying collateral. The former maintain their peg to the dollar price through algorithmic trading systems, such as seigniorage. The latter, on the other hand, manages to maintain a stable price by holding reserves of currency in a 1:1 ratio with the tokens issued. 

Collateral-backed stablecoins are in turn divided into two subcategories, centralised and decentralised collateralised stablecoins. The main difference between the two types relates to the type of currency that acts as collateral. For centralised stablecoins, the collateral is made up of fiat currency, usually US dollars or equivalent financial instruments. By contrast, for decentralised stablecoins, the collateral is composed entirely of other cryptos. The most famous centralised stablecoins are USDT and USDC. However, it is the decentralised stablecoins that are stealing the show within the DeFi sector nowadays. Let’s look at the new stablecoins coming in 2022 as well as those going through a period of crisis.

New decentralised stablecoins on the way: Curve, Aave and Shiba

A few weeks ago, Aave, a DeFi ecosystem specialising in decentralised loans, published a proposal to create its own stablecoin. This provoked a quick response from one of their most famous competitors Curve finance, who announced their own stablecoin. Curve is one of the most famous and widely used DEXes in the industry. The announcement was made quietly, unlike Aave’s, and was not posted on the platform’s social networks. It was made by the CEO and founder of the world’s most widely used DeFi protocol, Michael Egorov, during a crypto-themed summit. In addition to announcing the launch, Michael Egorov stated that Curve’s stablecoin will operate according to the over-collateralisation mechanism and will be fully decentralised.

The information so far is not very detailed, but it is rumoured that the overcollateralisation mechanism will be similar to the one used by Maker DAO with its DAI stablecoin and which Aave plans to implement with GHO. Another ecosystem, completely different from Curve, has announced that it too is working on a stablecoin: Shiba Inu is planning to create a Defi ecosystem complete with everything a user could ever want. After Shiba‘s decentralised exchange, Shibaswap, there should soon be a metaverse and the SHI stablecoin that will also be over-collateralised.

Stablecoins in crisis: aUSD and FEI

The basic idea behind stablecoins is simple but its implementation is complex. When depending on large collaterals, failure is just around the corner. Especially during bear market phases like the one we are in now. The Terra (LUNA) Ecosystem is a great example of this. Two other stablecoins have since also recently fallen under the attack of malicious actors. The protocol named FEI for example is closing its doors. In early 2021, Fei Labs had raised $1.3 billion equivalent in Ethereum to build a decentralised stablecoin. The collected Ethereum was used as collateral for the FEI stablecoin. In December, the DeFi protocol decided to start collaborating with another project called Rari Capital, together creating a lending platform called Fuse. The lending platform allowed users to borrow FEI stablecoin by depositing collateral in crypto. This collateral was then used to keep the price of FEI stable. Unfortunately,  in April 2022, the Fuse lending protocol was hacked. Hackers stole $80 million, causing the stablecoin’s dollar-anchoring mechanism to fail. This resulted in the failure of the Fuse platform and thus the end of the Fei Labs project.

Similarly, the stablecoin of the Polkadot Acala parachain called aUSD also suffered a crash recently. On Sunday, the 14th of August 2022, a bug caused by a misconfiguration of the iBTC/aUSD liquidity pool made a hack possible. The hackers in question managed to break into the liquidity pool and stole approximately 1.27 billion aUSD. After being made aware of the exploit, the Acala team disabled the transfer functionality of the erroneously issued aUSDs remaining on Acala’s parachain. This greatly limited the damage, in fact 99% of the stolen aUSDs remained on Acala’s blockchain. The damage is valued at around $1.6 million. The team is still working hard to recover the lost funds by tracking and monitoring transactions and wallets.In the meantime, the stablecoin seems to be slowly recovering its dollar price. 

The change of course of USDD, Tron’s stablecoin

Speaking instead of algorithmic stablecoins, the star of the moment is definitely Tron‘s decentralised USDD stablecoin, which is often compared to UST, the stablecoin of the Terra ecosystem. 

The two stablecoins function very similarly, or at least they did until recently. USDD was launched a few days before the collapse of the Terra (LUNA) ecosystem with the aim of offering even better returns, up to 30% compared to the 20% once offered by Anchor Protocol. The Tron DAO Reserve’s goal was to make inroads into the market by intercepting users attracted by high APY rates on stablecoins. Remember that the UST stablecoin had a market cap of about $19 billion. However, following the collapse of UST and LUNA, USDD and other algorithmic stablecoins such as USN (developed by Near) also had to change their dollar peg mechanism. USN was totally transformed and became an over-collateralised stablecoin. Meanwhile, USDD decided to remain in limbo, adopting a hybrid system that shares features with both types of mechanism. 

The initiative of the Tron DAO Reserve was to maintain the algorithmic aspects of the project, hence the creation of a system based on the coexistence of two tokens TRX and USDD. They make use of processes such as arbitrage and seigniorage to keep USDD pegged to the dollar price. In addition to this system, a decentralised reserve greater than the total value of all USDD in circulation has been implemented in order to keep the protocol secure. This counts especially in times of crisis and for avoiding bank runs like the one that happened to UST. Currently, USDD’s market cap is just over $700 million, and it holds more than $2.3 billion USD in collateral reserves. According to the Tron DAO Reserve website, the stablecoin currently holds 990 million USDC, 140 million USDT, 10.9 billion TRX and 14,000 Bitcoins. 

The development of decentralised stablecoins by protocols that were not initially created for that purpose is a path taken by many crypto projects. The goals that projects aim to achieve through these initiatives are varied. First and foremost, the ecosystems aim to give their users the opportunity to shelter themselves from volatility without leaving the ecosystem, and thus to hold stable value in a decentralised manner. Another goal is to reach new customers through advantageous rewards applied to a capital that should remain stable. We will see if more new stablecoins will appear in 2022, perhaps on a  completely algorithmic basis. Or perhaps the market will remain dominated by collateralised stablecoins, which are certainly more popular to date!

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DOGE: even meme coins have a roadmap

Doge: the roadmap of Elon Musk's favourite meme coin

What is the world’s most famous meme coin up to? Find out Dogecoin’s next steps!

Dogecoin is a cryptocurrency created by computer engineers Jackson Palmer and Billy Markus. Dogecoin’s blockchain works via the Proof-of-Work consensus mechanism. To date, it is the third placed crypto in terms of market cap to work with this mechanism. Following Ethereum’s Merge to Proof-of-Stake, it will likely move to second place. In addition to its market cap, DOGE also stands out due to its longevity. It is in fact a first generation project: it saw the light of day in December 2013. Elon Musk’s favourite crypto was initially fashioned as a joke, but over time it gained illustrious supporters such as the South African tycoon and Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin. This growing popularity convinced the team to develop a real roadmap, called in this case “trailmap”, to define the protocol’s future moves. The main objective? To turn Dogecoin into a universally accepted payment method and achieve mass adoption!

Buying with Dogecoin, will it soon be possible?

The history of Elon Musk’s favourite crypto has been quite troubled. After working on the early phase of the coin’s life, the core development team abandoned the project for some time. However, they resumed it during the strongly bullish phase at the beginning of 2021. This phase saw a real explosion of Dogecoin, which went from a market cap of about 1 billion to more than 75 billion dollars. Dogecoin’s explosion came as a result of the decision by some big brands to accept crypto. Among these brands are AMC, Twitch and of course Tesla and SpaceX owned by crypto’s number one fan: Elon Musk. It is precisely the expansion of Dogecoin as a payment method that seems to be the key point of the project’s roadmap. The slogan repeated several times on the official site is in fact: utility -> adoption! But how is the Doge team working to ensure that adoption actually happens?

Adoption through GigaWallet and Libdogecoin

One of the ways the Doge team is working to achieve mass adoption is through the Gigawallet service. The Gigawallet project is an open-source initiative that aims to make the process of accepting crypto as a payment method as simple as possible. Thanks to this service, which can be set up in seconds by a developer, sellers will be able to receive Doge transactions as easily as they receive payments in other currencies. If you are thinking of buying a new pair of headphones, or a case for your smartphone in Dogecoin, perhaps you will be able to do so soon! The other project the Doge team is working on is Libdogecoin. Libdogecoin will be a library of best practices for the complete implementation of Dogecoin protocols. The library will be written in the C programming language and will allow anyone to build Dogecoin-compliant products without having to worry about deeper specifications or cryptographic functions.

The roadmap of Elon Musk’s favourite crypto is largely focused on expanding the infrastructure to help DOGE become a more robust payment solution. The team does not seem to have any plans to work on other features as some rumours suggested. In the meantime, a new blockchain named Dogechain was founded in the last few days. This network was built on Polygon Edit, a framework that can be used to build blockchains quickly. The Doge development team has already stated that it has nothing to do with the project.

The number of transactions, users and active wallets grew incredibly in the network’s first days. Users have been attracted by the large number of tokens launched on the network, almost all of them Doge-themed. Beware however, in projects like this, which enjoy instant and seemingly unfounded hype, risk is always just around the corner!

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What are Azuki? Everything you need to know about the most famous anime-NFTs!

Azuki: discover the best NFT Anime PFPs!

What are the best Anime NFTs on OpenSea? The Azuki! Discover the history of the most popular PFP anime on the Web3!

The most iconic collections in the NFT world are referred to as blue chips, precious pearls that tower above the peaks of the market. Bored Ape Yacht Club and Crypto Punks are certainly part of this exclusive club, but if we scroll through the OpenSea rankings we find plenty of would-be members. Among them is a prominent collection of anime PFP NFTs.

The Azuki collection is based on Ethereum and has 10,000 pieces inspired by anime aesthetics. PFP is an acronym that stands for “profile picture” and it is used to describe NFTs that are designed to be used as such.

What really distinguishes Azuki from other projects is its history and roadmap. The project first appeared on social networks : particularly in January 2022 on Twitter. It quickly won the hearts of fans online and offline. However, in May 2022, the founder, known on Twitter by the handle Zagabond.eth, made a statement that generated controversy and debate. Find out more about the compelling story of Azuki NFTs!

What are Azuki NFTs: anime PFPs that conquered the market

Like most PFP NFTs, Azuki are the result of a random selection of traits. These traits were drawn according to a particular mix of styles. On the one hand, there is the clear inspiration from the anime-style RPG The World Ends with You. On the other hand, especially when it comes to outfits, the NFTs are reminiscent of the style of the famous skateboarding magazine Thrasher Magazine. The Web3 company behind the development of Azuki NFT is Chiru Labs, a Los Angeles-based collective of developers and artists. The collection of 10,000 Avatars was launched on the 12th of January 2022, according to the Dutch Auction method: a type of NFT sale where a starting price is set as well as a time period after which the price of the NFT decreases. The Azuki started with a price of 1 ETH per NFT, and it was supposed to decrease by 0.05 ETH every 20 minutes. Thanks to the hype generated by the collection in the days before the launch, this did not end up happening and the collection was sold out within 3 minutes. The final price per Azuki avatar was therefore 1 ETH. Chiru Labs also aims to expand outside the world of Web3 and the Azuki brand could embrace various sectors, both online and in the real world.

The Mindmap and the real-world usefulness of Azuki NFTs

The Azuki NFT collection already shared its roadmap before launch, which helped to ensure the project’s immediate trust from the part of the NFT world. The roadmap, called Mindmap by the team, shows the goals that the anime PFP project aims to achieve by working closely with the community. There are no clear timelines outlining the brand’s evolution process, but there are macro-areas on which the developers and artists are working to make the experience for users in The Garden special. The Garden is the exclusive club dedicated to those who own at least one Azuki NFT. Highlights of the Azuki journey will include immersive 3D experiences, exclusive streetwear collections, physical and virtual art exhibitions and a token named BEAN. Azuki is also looking to create its own unique metaverse, in which interactive multimedia experiences and games will be available.

Chiru Labs’ main intention, however, is to create a bridge between the virtual world of Azuki and the real world. Azuki’s event at the NFT week in New York is certainly an example of this. Through various art installations, the team created a Japanese-style scenario where it was possible to listen to live music, taste different foods and even get a tattoo! In terms of the creation of physical-digital products, the Azuki team has already offered a glimpse of what seems to be its intent with the ‘Twin Tigers Jackets‘ and the ‘Golden Skateboard Shrine‘. The first physical-digital product of the Azuki anime NFTs was launched in May 2022 and consisted of NFTs depicting Japanese-style silk jackets. These NFTs were distributed to Azuki PFP holders, with whom they could redeem physical jackets as of the 19th of July. Members of The Garden chose or to ‘burn’ it and receive the Japanese silk jackets, which are expected to be shipped by December 2022. For those who did not request the physical jacket and therefore still hold the token, the team promises an unknown future utility as of yet. The second initiative was launched in October 2022. This time, instead of jackets, the NFTs represented skateboards. The collection was dubbed ‘Proof-of-Skate‘ by the NFT Azuki Anime team. There were only 9 NFT skateboards available and they too will be redeemable for physical skateboards in the future. The Golden Skateboard Shrines were auctioned off, their selling price ranged from a low of 200 ETH, about $260,000 to a high of 309 ETH, about $400,000. .

The controversial Zagabond issue

The story of Azuki NFT collection has nevertheless also seen some dark moments, when it was thought that the project might be abandoned. In May 2022, shortly after reaching new all-time highs and establishing itself as a true blue chip, it emerged that Zagabond (a member of the core team and innovation lab Chiru Labs) was the owner of three previous NFT projects that were abandoned. The NFT collections in question are: Tendies, CryptoZunks and CryptoPhunks. Following the release of the news, the floor price – the minimum price at which an anime PFP can be purchased – which was of around 30 ETH, dropped by half which fuelled further distrust in the collection. The debate on Twitter was very heated, Zagabond apologised and tried to explain that the abandonment was intended to leave the decision-making power completely to the community and that there were no fixed rules for NFT creators forcing him to continue the projects he had previously created. 

Despite general community scepticism about Zagabond’s past, the Azuki brand continues to work and build, and it remains in OpenSea‘s top 20 list in terms of both volume and floor price. In addition, it is the sixth largest project by total volume in the history of the NFT marketplace, with more than 250,000 ETH traded.

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From Defi Kingdoms to Ragnarock: how Avalanche’s subnets enhance crypto gaming

Avalanche revolutionises crypto gaming with subnets

DeFi Kingdoms and Crabada are already using their respective subnets. See how crypto gaming on Avalanche attempts to solve the scalability problem

Avalanche, Polygon and Solana are fighting for hegemony in the crypto gaming industry. Let’s see where Emin Gün Sirer‘s blockchain stands.

Avalanche is an open source Proof-of-Stake blockchain that enables the development of decentralised applications. The goal that Avalanche has set itself since its inception is to solve the blockchain trilemma. Lately, much of the work of the Ava Labs team, the Web3 company that started the network, has been aimed at improving one of the three sides of the trilemma: scalability. This increase will be crucial for developing the infrastructure needed for one of the sectors that Avalanche is focusing on the most, crypto gaming! DeFi Kingdoms and Crabada have already moved onto their respective DFK Chain and Swimmer Network subnets, and other big names such as Ascenders and Ragnarock are in the process of doing so. Find out how the subnets intend to revolutionise crypto gaming!

What are subnets and how do they contribute to network scalability?

So, what exactly are Avalanche subnets? Are they Layer 2 blockchains like Polygon or Rollups like Arbitrum or Optimism? Actually, subnets are a way to use different sets of validators in order to create new subversions of the main blockchain. Each subnet is located within the main Avalanche network, but in addition to its own set of validators it has its own currency and security system.

Subnets allow video games and other decentralised applications to take advantage of Avalanche’s existing infrastructure by easily creating their own blockchain environment, tailored to the needs of their users. But why is this important for the crypto gaming industry? To achieve lasting success, Web3 games must achieve a fluid user experience that we see in traditional games today. This fluidity can be achieved through two elements that are non-negotiable:

  • High scalability
  • Low gas fees

Scalability is the ability of a blockchain to handle high network use without compromising the user experience. It is a fundamental requirement for a game that wants to establish itself on a large scale. Gas fees, on the other hand, are the ‘fees’ a user has to pay for transactions to be processed. Low gas fees make it possible to carry out the frequent interactions that a Web3 video game requires almost free of charge. For example, an average transaction on DeFi Kingdom costs about 0.005 JEWEL, and one JEWEL is worth about $0.2. So it usually costs a thousandth of a dollar to interact with the DFK Chain.

Which crypto games are migrating to subnets?

There are currently two games already active on Avalanche’s subnet: DeFi Kingdoms on the DFK chain and Crabada on the Swimmer Network. Together, DFK and Swimmer process about half of the transactions that take place on the Avalanche network. DeFi Kingdoms is a play-to-earn RPG video game originally released on Harmony. Crabada on the other hand is one of the first games to be created on Avalanche and was the first to move onto its Swimmer Network subnet. Crabada features two main game modes: active battle mode and inactive mode (mining battle and looting). As the name suggests, active battle allows players to pit their Crabs – cute hermit crabs – against each other or against AI-controlled enemies to earn in-game rewards. Two other games, however, are set to use their respective subnets. Both are part of the list of the best play-to-earn games on Avalanche and are Ascenders and Ragnarock.

Ascenders is a sci-fi RPG that will be launched directly on its own subnet, a trial version of which is already available. Ragnarok, on the other hand, is a browser-based role-playing game in which players interact with an open-world environment. Although initially launched on Ethereum, the game aims to expand to Avalanche’s subnets in the future. In this mad scramble to conquer the crypto gaming sector, each protocol is thinking of different solutions, but all have the same goal: to increase the scalability of networks to be competitive with off-chain games. Will the subnets manage to prevail or will they be defeated by Layer 2s or even the mighty Solana?