The central reference rates for mortgages, Eurirs, Euribor, and ECB, differ. How do they vary with inflation, and how do they affect the cost of a mortgage?
The interest rate on your mortgage is one of the most important aspects to consider when deciding to borrow money. Understanding the differences between Eurirs, Euribor, and ECB rates can make a big difference in choosing the most suitable loan.
Let’s examine in detail how these rates work, how they vary, and what influence inflation has on them.
Euribor: variable-rate mortgages
The Euribor, or Euro Interbank Offered Rate, is the average interest rate paid by banks in the Eurozone to lend money to each other. Or, in simple terms, it represents the cost of money in the Eurozone at a given time. The Euribor is calculated daily by the European banking federation through the weighted average of the interest rates of the most active banks in the Eurozone. This index varies daily and can have different reference durations, from one day up to 12 months. For example, the three-month Euribor rate was 3.7% on 10 July 2024.
But what does this have to do with mortgages? The Euribor interest rate is the benchmark (or reference) used to calculate the interest rate of financial products such as personal loans, mortgages and variable-rate bank deposits. In other words, the instalments that those who have taken out a variable-rate mortgage have to pay vary directly to Euribor; if Euribor falls, they become cheaper.
Eurirs: fixed-rate mortgages
On the other hand, the Eurirs (Euro Interest Rate Swap) is the reference rate for fixed-rate mortgages. Like the Euribor, it represents the cost at which banks and other European credit institutions borrow money from each other at a predetermined cost. The Eurirs is calculated daily by the European Banking Federation and varies depending on the loan duration. The longer the period, the higher the rate applied. For example, as of 10 July 2024, Eurirs rates for a 20-year mortgage were 3.6%.
ECB interest rates
Finally, we come to the ECB interest rates, the ones we hear about most often, especially from 2021 onwards, as they have been raised to fight inflation. These are decided monthly by the European Central Bank and represent the rate at which commercial banks can borrow money from it. To understand the difference between previous lending rates and ECB interest rates, the ECB interest rate can be interpreted as the ‘wholesale price’ of money for European banks.
However, to understand how these vary, we cannot ignore inflation, an economic phenomenon that represents the general increase in prices over time and reduces the purchasing power of currencies.
But why does inflation affect interest rates? The relationship between these two values is not direct. Interest rates do not automatically change in relation to inflation since they are decided by the ECB. However, the world’s central banks intervene when the cost of money reaches worrying levels, in most cases, by raising them.In conclusion, choosing the right mortgage requires understanding the different reference rates and their variations. Eurirs offers stability for fixed-rate mortgages, while Euribor represents variability for variable-rate mortgages. The ECB rate directly influences the short-term cost of money, and inflation plays a crucial role in the economy, affecting all interest rates.
