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Bitcoin mining: what does it take? Does it still make sense in 2023?

How to mine Bitcoin? It's getting harder but it’s a good thing!

How to mine Bitcoin? Years ago an ordinary computer was enough, and today? 

How to mine Bitcoin? If you have known the crypto world for a while, you surely have asked yourself this question at least once. Mining is the process by which transactions are validated on Proof-of-Work blockchains, and thus also on Bitcoin‘s. Miners, through very complex calculations, create the network blocks and allow the network to function. And they receive rewards for their work.

Mining is also a competitive activity, as rewards are only given to the first miner to solve the mathematical problem. The amount of miners participating in the network influences the mining difficulty: a parameter that measures how difficult it is, on average, to validate a block. The difficulty also increases in relation to the power of the hardware. 

Now that you are clear on the big picture, find out how to mine Bitcoin and why it is getting harder!

Bitcoin mining: what does it take?

The answer to the question ‘how to mine Bitcoin’ has varied a lot over time. If we had asked a miner in 2010 he would have answered “with a normal computer and mining software”. 

The same question, in 2015, would have had a different answer. Back then, miners had already started using specially designed machines called ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits). And today? How do you mine Bitcoin in 2023?

  • Hardware: in order to mine Bitcoin, it is necessary to start with hardware. From simple computers that were used years ago to sophisticated ASICs. There is a wide range of devices with which it has been possible to mine Bitcoin over time. Miners in the past used GPUs (video cards) because they had much more computing power than CPUs (processors) and were cheaper than ASICs. 

GPUs used to be connected in series, i.e. one in a row, and by doing so, their computing power added up. Today, however, even this method has become obsolete and it is not possible to mine Bitcoin unless you have an ASIC.

  • Software: an aspiring miner must obtain or develop ad hoc software. This point is even more complex than the previous one because it requires, in most cases, a high degree of computer knowledge. Some mining devices already have software installed inside them to be configured, but in most cases, the ‘command prompt’ or ‘terminal’ must be used to activate them. That is, the black screen in which to write code that anyone who is not a computer scientist ‘accidentally’ opens on their computer from time to time.
  • Crypto wallet: The last thing a miner must have is the crypto wallet on which to receive rewards for validated blocks. A user who is in the process of building their own mining business should definitely not neglect this point if they do not want to work for free! This is definitely the easiest part of the whole process. Usually miners, like crypto enthusiasts, prefer to use hardware wallets, which are more difficult to hack since they are not constantly connected to the network.

Mining is also a team game

To be able to compete with the large mining companies that have many ASICs synchronised with each other, the ‘smaller’ miners have learnt to play as a team. Thus, mining pools were born, organisations that enable them to coordinate and work together to find the correct hash in the shortest possible time. Thus, you can try to mine Bitcoin even if you only have one device; by participating in pools and sharing the prize with other participants. Unfortunately, however, it is not possible to know for sure whether or not you will be able to mine any blocks, and you need to buy at least one ASIC to be admitted to a mining pool.

Mining is increasingly difficult

The hardware that can solve the very difficult calculations and the large amount of electricity required to run them makes mining a very expensive business. Moreover, the difficulty grows over time as it tends to adapt to changes in the hashrate, i.e. the total computing power of the network. The latter takes into account the hardware and software characteristics of all the miners that are connected to the BTC network and is updated every fortnight. It is however positive that mining Bitcoin is becoming increasingly difficult, the more miners participate in block validation the more secure the blockchain is. 

Now that you know how to mine Bitcoin it is up to you to decide whether to start. However, if you have read this article carefully you may have realised that the game is probably not worth it (anymore). Unless you have access to a large amount of cheap electricity. There are, however, other less expensive ways to secure blockchains and obtain rewards, such as opening a node on a Proof-of-Stake network. You can take a cue from former Ethereum miners who have reinvented themselves since their blockchain changed consensus mechanism.

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Ethereum Shanghai, the latest update explained

Ethereum Shanghai: everything you need to know about the upgrade

Ethereum: what will happen after the Shanghai update?

We are very close to the activation of Ethereum‘s new update, Shanghai. This will allow users to withdraw ETHs they had locked in staking from 2020. That year marked the beginning of Ethereum becoming a Proof-of-Stake, thanks to the emergence of Beacon Chains, a parallel network managed by the new consensus mechanism. It was the developers who chose to block withdrawals for this long period of time. The reason? To ensure maximum security of the blockchain that could have been in trouble due to mass withdrawals. 

After the Beacon Chain came The Merge update, which was activated on 15 September 2022. On that occasion, the merger of the parent blockchain to the Beacon Chain took place, the union into a single blockchain managed by a Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism. Now all eyes in the crypto world are once again on Ethereum because of the Shanghai update. Everything you need to know is in this article! What impact could this have on the price of ETH?

Ethereum Shanghai: what is the update for? What happens next?

The purpose of the Shanghai update is very simple and clear: to enable withdrawals for those who have staked their ETH so far. 

After activation, those who participated in Ethereum’s consensus mechanism by staking can decide whether to leave their ETHs where they are. Or whether to redeem them with the ‘unstake‘ function. In this case, it is not possible to choose an amount of crypto to unstake, the entire amount originally staked will be returned. 

With the activation of the Shanghai update, all users, both those who decide to redeem their crypto and those who continue with staking, will receive the rewards they have accumulated through the validation of transactions on the blockchain. The rewards will be sent automatically to users’ wallets if they have provided their withdrawal address. 

For those who have staked through providers, and not directly on Ethereum, precise instructions on how the unstake will be handled have not yet been communicated.  

Shanghai Activation Date

The date on which Ethereum’s Shanghai update will be activated has not yet been announced. What is known, however, is the day on which the last testbed will take place: 14 March on the Goerli testnet; during the previous tests, which took place in February on Zhejiang and Sepolia, everything went smoothly. The mechanism regulating the activation of Shanghai is described in the ‘Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP -4895)’, in which all the functions that will be inserted or changed within the smart contract that regulates staking are set out. 

How will Shanghai affect the price of Ethereum?

The Shanghai update is a key turning point in Ethereum’s roadmap and therefore could have an impact on its price. Although it is impossible to predict with certainty what will happen, one can speculate. Here are the factors that could cause ETH’s price to fall and those that could lead to a pump.

Why could the price of Ethereum collapse?

The update could cause increased selling pressure and consequently a drop in price. Users could withdraw Ethereum en masse and sell it on the market together with the Ethereum distributed as a reward. If this were to occur, we could see a domino effect that would cause the price of ETH to collapse.

Will the price of Ethereum rally after Shanghai?

Looking at the on-chain data, there are those who argue that the price of Ethereum will rise. In particular, the value to watch is the amount of ETH currently blocked in the staking smart contract.

To date, there are about 17 million Ethereum staked, which corresponds to less than 20% of the circulating supply of about 120 million. This figure is much lower than on other Proof-of-Stake blockchains, where the percentage of staked cryptos is around 40% (on Solana and Cardano it is even higher than 70%).

At the moment, not many users have locked their ETH in staking, the main reason being that their crypto is tied up for long periods of time. After Shanghai the situation might change, we will be able to withdraw and deposit freely. In this case, we could see the number of staked ETH increase and consequently see a reduction in selling pressure on Ether and thus an increase in price. 

It is important to note that a large percentage of the ETHs staked were deposited by users more than a year ago, and the average purchase price of these cryptos is over $2,000. To date, users staking Ethereum who are in profit are only 16% while the remaining 84% are in loss. Therefore, to cause a decrease in the price of Ethereum, users would have to sell their Ether at a loss, a hypothesis that seems remote. Indeed, it is assumed that those who have chosen to staking their cryptos without knowing when they will be able to unlock them, strongly believe in Vitalik Buterin‘s project.

The future of dapps for staking

Those who will definitely be affected by the Shanghai update are the dapps that offer staking and yield farming services on Ethereum. These include liquid staking platforms that are used by those who only want to stake small amounts of Ether. The possible consequences for these types of services are mainly twofold.

With the possibility of depositing and withdrawing ETH at any time given by the Shanghai update, these dapps could develop new functionalities. New DeFi projects will probably also emerge to explore all opportunities to maximise rewards. 

Moreover, there are those who see Shanghai as the next standard of basic staking returns for the entire crypto world. These dapps will thus have to compete directly with Ethereum, as well as with their own competitors, and offer rewards more profitable than those guaranteed by the blockchain created by Vitalik Buterin.

In short, Shanghai will start a new cycle of innovation for the Ethereum network that could affect a huge number of projects and hundreds of thousands of users in the crypto world. 
But Ethereum’s renewal does not end with the Shanghai update. The developers are always working to improve the blockchain. On the horizon are Sharding and then The Surge, The Verge, The Purge and The Splurge updates!

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The top 5 cryptocurrencies in the Metaverse

The top metaverse crypto project

The Metaverse cryptos regulate the internal economy of decentralised virtual worlds. Which ones are the most popular on the market?

What are the top Metaverse crypto projects? The latter combines the immersive environments of virtual (VR) and augmented reality (AR), the engagement of video games and the social interaction of social networks; but a crypto Metaverse also includes an economic component that is managed and regulated through cryptocurrencies. 

The crypto metaverse and its economy

Before discussing Metaverse cryptos, it is necessary to make a few clarifications. The term Metaverse refers to an immersive virtual world shared between users who, through avatars, can interact, participate in experiences and build digital objects. Among the many things you can do within it, there is certainly participation in the most varied events: parties, weddings, art exhibitions, fashion shows, university lectures, business meetings. This is not a new concept, many video games such as massive-multiplayer online games have always proposed this kind of scenario. What is changing in the Metaverse emerging in recent months is the use of blockchain as a core technology. 

The blockchain determines the functioning of the Metaverse in at least two senses. Firstly, it allows these virtual worlds to possess a real internal economy, managed with cryptocurrencies. The digital objects that the crypto Metaverse offers are in NFT format, i.e. non-fungible tokens, and cryptocurrencies are used to buy them. This means that the objects you buy are your property, indelibly and immutably guaranteed by the blockchain. Without this technology, should a video game be withdrawn from the market, you would lose all the digital objects you own in it. The first aspect that distinguishes any crypto metaverse is therefore the traceability of the ownership of objects and their economic value in the real world. 

Secondly, using blockchain technology means giving a Metaverse a decentralised structure, this implies that the management of the project is not in the hands of a company or corporation but is given to the users. Owning a certain number of the cryptos in the Metaverse gives the right to participate in governance and vote on decisions and choices about the future of the project. Many virtual worlds in fact rely on DAOs, decentralised autonomous organisations set up by the community. But which are the most popular and capitalised Metaverse crypto projects?

The Sandbox (SAND)

The crypto of The Sandbox metaverse is SAND, an ERC-20 type token based on the Ethereum standard. SAND is one of the main cryptocurrencies in the virtual world and handles most of the transactions and interactions in The Sandbox. It is used to buy accessories and tools to customise avatars, to manage LAND rentals and is distributed as rewards to users who win challenges and achieve goals. Metaverses are virtual worlds and like the real world they are also divided into territories, LANDs, in the form of NFTs. And like in the real world, they are not infinite; for instance on The Sandbox there are 166,464. During the first year of The Sandbox itself, these virtual land plots could be purchased through the metaverse’s crypto, SAND. 

The digital plots of land that exist to date are all sold out and the only way to own one is to buy it with ETH on an NFT marketplace, such as Opensea. 

The LANDs of The Sandbox host various brands and celebrities, some examples? Snoop Dogg, Gucci and Adidas! This Metaverse has also been selected by TIME for the list of the “100 Most Influential Companies” of 2022, under the category “pioneers”.

Decentraland (MANA)

Decentraland’s crypto metaverse is also built on Ethereum, its token is called MANA and can be used to purchase all digital objects in the virtual world, including land. This is a community-driven space where users create digital experiences, content and services and then exchange them with each other. Decentraland is not only developed by its users but is also managed by them, in fact its governance is totally entrusted to its DAO (Decentralised Autonomous Organisation), an organisation in which MANA owners can participate by proposing and voting on initiatives. The crypto of the Decentraland metaverse thus plays a dual role within the virtual world, it is the main exchange token in this economy and also functions as a governance token. With MANA, you can purchase LAND, clothes and accessories for avatars and generally all the assets of Decentraland. These virtual assets also include Decentraland Names, ERC-721s tokens integrated with the Ethereum Name Service that appear as ‘jane.dcl.eth’. They are unique names to give to your avatar but also function as wallet addresses to receive your cryptocurrencies there directly. Why is MANA considered one of the top Metaverse crypto projects? Decentraland is increasingly often the venue for innovative and international events such as Metaverse Fashion Week, an annual event attended by famous fashion brands such as Dolce and Gabbana, Etro, Tommy Hilfiger and many others. 

Axie Infinity (AXS)

Axie Infinity is a cryptocurrency metaverse that revolves around a specific type of digital objects, the Axies, NFT pets that users can collect, care for, and race. On Axie Infinity, users have the opportunity to earn cryptocurrencies in the metaverse by playing, completing quests, and reaching goals. The virtual world of Axie Infinity is made up of many different mini-games, in fact, compared to The Sandbox and Decentraland, it is more focused on gaming rather than entertainment or exploration. Its economy relies on AXS, another ERC-20 token. AXS is used for two purposes: for crypto payments in the metaverse and for voting on governance proposals in the DAO. In addition, Axie Infinity’s cryptocurrency can be staked on the official dapp (decentralised application). 

Otherside (APE)

Yuga Labs, the Web3 company of the Bored Ape Yacht Club, is also building its own metaverse, Otherside. This virtual world was supposed to come out in April 2022, but has not yet been released. For now, all that is known is that it will be an MMORPG (massively multiplayer online role-playing game) on blockchain, and the key will be NFTs. Although the virtual world of Bored Ape does not yet exist, the crypto of their metaverse is already on the market. ApeCoin (APE) will be the token of Otherside and to date is used by the ApeCoin DAO, a decentralised autonomous organisation of which Bored Ape owners are members, where initiatives are proposed for the development of the entire Bored Ape ecosystem. APE, the cryptocurrency of the Otherside Metaverse and the ApeCoin DAO, was released on 17 March 2022 and as of today occupies the 34th position among the most capitalised cryptos on the market. 

Enjin (ENJ)

The Metaverse’s fifth major crypto is not a virtual world, but a platform for creating video games and NFTs on blockchain. We are talking about Enjin and its ENJ token! The project was born in 2009 to make life easier for gaming workers, and over the years it has grown closer and closer to the crypto Metaverses. Currently, Enjin offers a set of tools for developers, enthusiasts or companies to create and monetise any kind of digital content in NFT format. The ENJ token is the medium of exchange for all goods, tools and services offered by the platform; in particular, it is used by users to buy NFTs and by game developers to buy the tools needed to integrate blockchain technology into their products.
Now that you have discovered which Metaverse crypto projects are the most popular on the market, you just have to enter these virtual worlds and start using them. Only in this way can you fully understand how they work and their usefulness in the field of cryptocurrencies and beyond.

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How to access the main Metaverses

Metaverse: how to enter? All the steps to enter

How to access the Metaverse? All you need to know and the guided steps to join the most popular virtual worlds

Are you wondering how to access the Metaverse but thinking that it is something complicated and expensive? Actually, to explore these virtual worlds you don’t need sophisticated visors or special computers. Just follow a few simple steps. Read this article with instructions on how to enter the three most popular metaverses: The Sandbox, Decentraland and Roblox!

How to access the metaverse of The Sandbox

The Sandbox is a metaverse based on the Ethereum blockchain. It is a community-driven platform, i.e. it evolves according to the creativity of its users. Accessing the world’s most popular decentralised metaverse is very easy! 

The first things to do are:

  • register on the official website, you can also log in with Google or Facebook;
  • create your own personal avatar;
  • connect your crypto wallet (this is not required to access the Metaverse but is required to sell or purchase in-game items); 

After registering, download Game Maker. This is the programme for creating the objects in Voxel Art and the mini-games that populate the virtual world. To download it, go to the ‘Create’ version of the site and start the download; it is available for both Windows and Mac OS. On Game Maker you can also try out the game experiences created by other users, there are tens of thousands of them! Once downloaded, open it, log in, and… congratulations, you have just entered the metaverse of The Sandbox. 

If the single player mode bores you and you want to interact with other users, you can participate in the endless offers and events of The Sandbox. To access the current ones, go to the ‘Play’ section of the official website, choose the one that suits you and click on the ‘Play’ button. Now that you know how to access The Sandbox metaverse, all you have to do is start exploring it!

Decentraland

If, on the other hand, you are wondering how to access the Decentraland metaverse, know that you can enter it directly from the browser you use on a daily basis. The team recommends downloading the desktop programme for smoother gaming experiences. 

The first steps to be completed are: 

  • register on the official website (also with Google or Facebook); 
  • connect your crypto wallet (otherwise, you can only log in in ‘guest’ mode); 
  • create your own avatar, if it does not fully reflect you, don’t worry, you can change it as many times as you wish. 

Once you have created your virtual alter ego, within moments you will find yourself in the middle of Genesis Plaza, the main square of Decentraland. From this place, 8 roads lead to 8 plazas, forming the distinctive skeleton of the virtual world. After logging in, explore the world of Decentraland and participate in game experiences on the most popular virtual lands, such as the Luxury Fashion District that hosted the first Metaverse Fashion Week. You can move between the various scenarios of Decentraland with a single click on the ‘Jump in’ button.

How to access Roblox?

Roblox is the world’s most popular virtual world, thanks to the 150 million monthly users who frequent it. But how to access this metaverse? The steps to enter Roblox are very similar to those we have already seen. First you have to create an account on the official website. Then you need to download the game client, which unlike the previous metaverse is available for both desktop and mobile, for practically all devices (Windows, Mac OS, iOS and Android).

Once you have downloaded the game programme, created your avatar and logged in, you can start exploring this infinite Metaverse. Inside there are thousands of virtual worlds to discover, each with its own setting. If you’re thinking of logging into Roblox, know that you can also create mini-games and worlds from scratch and sell them for official game coins. 

The latter have no value outside of Roblox. Those of Decentraland (MANA) and The Sandbox (SAND), on the other hand, are real cryptocurrencies that can be exchanged with others on the market, such as Ethereum or Bitcoin, or sold for fiat currency. Moreover, these decentralised virtual worlds are based on blockchain technology and NFTs, which guarantee and certify the ownership of all objects that users buy or create in the Metaverse. To fully exploit the potential of these metaverses, it is advisable to own a non-custodial crypto wallet, e.g. Metamask. 


So here’s how to access the metaverse free and easy; all you have to do is register and, at most, download a programme to your computer. What are you waiting for? Hurry up and log in to try out the Metaverse that inspires you the most!

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What can you do in the Metaverse today? 5 real use cases

5 Things You Can Do in the Metaverse

What are the most interesting use cases of the virtual world? Discover 5 things you can do in the Metaverse!

Since October 2021, when Facebook with Meta drew attention to this technology, there are those who promise that the Metaverse will be the future. But what can you do in the Metaverse today? Will it be a virtual world populated by cutting-edge social networks and video games? Or is it just a lucrative marketing opportunity for brands? In short, the decisive question is: will it be useful in our daily lives? The activities it will host will be of a varied nature, at the moment developers, brands and crypto companies are experimenting and proposing events of all kinds, from book presentations to weddings.

General trials of the Metaverse are underway and there is no shortage of difficulties, especially at the technical level. It is clear that to establish itself as the technology of the future, the use cases will have to be accessible and widespread, as well as the equipment to access them. We can only speculate about the future, but let’s return to the present and see 5 things you can do in the Metaverse today!

1.    Attending a concert

One of the things you can do in the Metaverse is to attend concerts! These kinds of events started as a temporary solution to the interruption of live performances due to the COVID19 pandemic. But even now that in-person activities have resumed, concerts in the Metaverse have not been sidelined. The virtue of this mode of entertainment is interactivity, as participants’ avatars can interact from anywhere in the world and win prizes in the form of NFTs.

The most famous concerts so far have been: that of BLACKPINK, a K-pop group from South Korea, in the July 2022 battle royale video game PUBG. And those of Charlie XCX, Justin Bieber and Twenty One Pilots in the Roblox metaverse. These musical events in the Metaverse were celebrated and ‘nominated’ by MTV, which created an ad hoc award for virtual performances at the MTV Video Music Awards 2022.

Record companies are also planning to enter the Metaverse; Warner Music, for example, has decided to open a concert area on a LAND in The Sandbox.

2.    Organising a business meeting

Those wondering what can be done in the Metaverse should not lose sight of all the implications for professional activities. This reality could be a useful resource for all those companies that rely on remote working. By organising these meetings, human relations and ‘office communication’ could be recovered. Remote working is becoming more and more common and is transforming the way people manage their lives and the way they understand space and cities. It is likely, for example, that in the future it will not be so essential to take a home near the workplace.

Some platforms that perform this service are Horizon Workrooms, Meta’s app, and Gather.town. The slogan of the latter is ‘remote working should not isolate – build the office of your dreams’. Hundreds of teams have already moved into their virtual office, Gather also hosts academic conferences and job fairs. Moreover, this is an effective alternative to expensive and logistically complex business trips for companies.

But how does a meeting take place within the Metaverse? Sammy King, a Meta employee, described how a virtual meeting takes place inside a Metaverse. Unlike in a traditional video conference, where only one person can speak at a time, thanks to a technology called spatial audio, participants can talk to each other as if they were in a real office. This feature, together with the high degree of immersiveness provided by virtual reality visors, makes the meetings completely different from those on Zoom or Google Meet. “For the past couple of years we have become accustomed to talking to people through screens, but now suddenly you have the feeling of being close to your colleagues even if you are working in different places. It’s a real breakthrough,” said King, commenting on his first meeting in the Metaverse.

3.    Video games on another level

Among the things you can do in the Metaverse, however, is not just work! As can be gleaned from its etymology, this reality aims to be an extension of the real world, which in the field of video games takes the form of a realistic gaming experience. The prototypes of fully immersive video games that we know today are in the primordial stages of their development and consequently cannot yet convey the sensations that we might experience when playing in the future.

The technology that seems to have the potential to revolutionise the entire sector is virtual reality, for realistic video games. Haptic garments, on the other hand, aim to make users experience ‘on their skin’ (on a tactile level) what happens to their avatar inside the virtual world, a bit like in Steven Spielberg‘s film ‘Ready player one’. The Metaverse will also help video games develop their own economy. Play-to-earn games such as Axie Infinity, Star Atlas or even Metaverse games such as The Sandbox and Decentraland already have an internal economy that functions thanks to cryptocurrencies and tokens.

4.    Attending a fashion show

Among the answers to the question “what can you do in the Metaverse?” There is also: “attend a fashion show”. The Metaverse Fashion Week in Decentraland 2022 was the first international fashion event in the virtual world and the second edition will take place from 28 to 31 March 2023. Last year, fashion houses of the calibre of Dolce & Gabbana, Tommy Hilfiger and Etro participated and the main objective was to involve as many people as possible in an environment that is often reserved for the few.

But there have been plenty more fashion shows in this reality! For example the Meta Festival in Dept in the Metapolis metaverse attended by Coca Cola, Calvin Klein, H&M and Netflix. Or the Digital Fashion Week in New York, an event where fashion companies were able to showcase their latest work and debate stimulated by films and speeches about the future of the industry.

5.    Teleporting to the other side of the world

Let’s end this list of 5 things you can do in the Metaverse on a high note, that is: holidays!

Would you like to go skiing in the Dolomites or snorkelling along the coast of Bali while exploring locations in the Metaverse? Travel companies are already gearing up to allow their customers to experience excursions to the places they intend to visit. Thanks to virtual and augmented reality, you can get a taste of sunsets in the Moroccan desert or the Norwegian aurora borealis and thus decide whether they are really for you before booking your trip. Not only travel agencies, but also hotels and restaurants can use the Metaverse to their advantage. How many times have you ended up in a hovel that according to the booking ad was supposed to look like the Palace of Versailles? Or to end up in a dive bar while expecting to dine in a luxurious restaurant?

The Metaverse became popular after the COVID-19 pandemic, an event that showed us that our lives can change radically and suddenly. With the return to normalcy, however, this technology has not disappeared, but has continued its evolution. In some areas it has already been used and proved useful, while in others it still has some way to go. Despite this, however, the answers to the question ‘what can be done in the Metaverse’ are becoming more and more numerous, a sign that the development around this concept has never stopped. From virtual parades to play-to-earn video games to ‘a taste’ of your future holiday.

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Bitcoin Halving 2024, everything you absolutely need to know

Bitcoin halving 2024: all the things to know

When is the next Bitcoin halving scheduled? Things to know to prepare for the event!

Bitcoin’s next halving is scheduled for early 2024, when block number 840,000 will be mined. Why is this such an eagerly awaited event? What will happen next? Let’s try to shed some light and go over all the things we need to know about it.

Next Halving Bitcoin 2024: what is this operation for?

Halving is the internal mechanism within the Bitcoin system that regulates the gradual decrease in rewards given to miners who validate blocks. It serves to reduce the crypto in circulation, to maintain scarcity. Miners in fact receive a share of BTC every time they validate a block. Halving has been an element of BTC tokenomics since its creation and is managed by an algorithm. 

When the halving takes place and how the exact date is calculated

Bitcoin’s next halving is expected to arrive between March and May 2024, at block No. 210,000 starting from the previous halving, so at No. 840,000. It is an event that users might not notice as it does not alter the state of the blockchain in any way, only the miners notice it; but nevertheless all crypto enthusiasts await this moment with trepidation. The moment the last of the 210,000 blocks is validated, the issuance of BTC is halved. 

To calculate when the next halving of Bitcoin will take place, you need to multiply the number of blocks that need to be validated from one halving to the next (210,000) by the time it takes to do so, which is on average 10 minutes. Then you need to divide the resulting number by 60, which is the number of minutes that an hour consists of. Doing this quick calculation we find that about 35,000 hours pass from one halving to the next, plus or minus 1458 days or a little over four years. In order to know the exact date of the next halving in 2024, we need to look at what block number we are at day by day. 

These ‘halvings’ will not be infinite, they will cease when the maximum supply of Bitcoin, which amounts to 21 million BTC, is issued, presumably around the year 2140. This means that the cryptocurrency still faces about 30 halvings in 117 years.

How many rewards will there be after the 2024 halving?

Another key piece of information about halving has to do with the issuance of Bitcoin over time. Miners, at the time Bitcoin was created (January 2009), received 50 BTC for each validated block. The first halving took place in 2012 and halved the rewards to 25 BTC. The process was then repeated in 2016 and 2020 when the rewards per block became 6.25 Bitcoins. At the next halving in 2024 these will become 3.15 BTC.

On the Young Platform exchange you can follow the price of Bitcoin in real time and monitor the impact of the next halving.

Check the price now

Halving and the price of Bitcoin 

As the issuance of this crypto is halved, Bitcoin becomes scarcer and scarcer and this indirectly has an impact on the price. In the months following the halving in 2012, the price increased by almost 12,000%, and after the halving in 2020 by about 300%. Of course, halving is not the only cause of these incredible bullish rallies in the past, but in general the price of Bitcoin has always responded positively to this recurring event.

Halving also affects Bitcoin’s inflation rate. In 2011, for example, BTC was subject to an annual inflation of 50%. In 2012 this became 12%, while today it stands at around 1.77%. One wonders at this point, where it will go after the next halving.
Although the latter is an automatic event, it does not go unnoticed but strongly influences the Bitcoin ecosystem and also the entire crypto world. A year after the expected process, we still find ourselves caught in the clutches of this seemingly endless bear market. Will the euphoria that grows as the next Bitcoin halving of 2024 approaches help the crypto market raise its head?

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How do concerts work in the Metaverse?

Concerts dans le Metaverse : comment fonctionnent-ils ?

More and more artists are choosing to perform virtually and bring their audiences into the digital world. But how do concerts in the Metaverse work? 

Concerts in the Metaverse were born during the pandemic, as a ‘creative’ response to all the bans and curfews. Does that period also seem very far away to you? It was the year 2020. All live events were forbidden and curfew was at ten o’clock. Not only bad memories, at that time thanks to technology we reinvented entertainment! 

All thanks to motion capture!

The technology that makes concerts in the Metaverse possible is motion capture. The movements of live performers are captured with suits and sensors and projected to their digital avatars. Just to name a few, this is the case of Lil Nas X and his concert in front of 33 million users in the Roblox metaverse, Ariana Grande‘s performance on Fortnite and BTS‘s performance on Minecraft. 21 Pilots also performed in 2022 on Roblox. The members of the American duo said they were able to convey their energy to the viewers, thanks to the motion capture technology provided by Xsens. Being both musicians, they not only sang but also played their virtual instruments. In short, the challenge was even tougher, but the motion capture lived up to expectations.

How much do concerts cost in the Metaverse? Where do they take place?

These gigs take place on video games and specialised platforms or on decentralised metaverses such as The Sandbox and Decentraland. The latter has hosted several world famous artists in the last period, including Ozzy Osbourne and Soulja Boy. There are also events that take place in theatres with the addition of virtual elements. In some cases it is necessary to buy a ticket as in a normal concert, in most cases attendance is free. In addition, seats are unlimited, one of the advantages of the Metaverse is that there are no space problems. 

What happens at a concert in the Metaverse? 

Every concert is unique and so as not to generalise, we prefer to tell you about some of them! 

The best concert in the Metaverse according to MTV

At the MTV Video Music Awards 2022, an ad hoc award was created for performances in the Metaverse, won by BLACKPINK, a Korean K-Pop group. The performance, which took place within the video game PUBG, featured stunning graphics and a surreal set design that eventually turned into a mini-game involving the audience. The skins (costumes) of the four singers were available for purchase on the video game store in the days leading up to the event.

ABBA

ABBA, the Swedish pop group, staged a hybrid event in 2022. Hybrid because they performed from a London location and at the same time, thanks to motion capture, the artists appeared on stage as if they were performing straight out of the 1970s. Mood, costumes, sets and all! 

Ariana Grande’s Rift Tour

Among the most famous concerts in the Metaverse, how can we not mention the one by Ariana Grande that took place on Fortnite on 7 August 2021 and is considered one of the best ever. In the first part, each user came face to face with the singer, a situation that seemed almost real thanks to the video game’s graphics. The moving rendition of Raindrops was followed by some dance and trap tracks in which the audience went wild. The performance ended in a temple in the clouds, where the artist opened a ‘time-space’ tunnel to allow Fortnite players to return to the set where the game is usually set.

Pre-tour event for Justin Bieber

To launch his 2022 world tour, Justin Bieber did a free show on the Wave platform on 18 November 2021. Viewers of this concert in the Metaverse were able to interact directly with the singer during the performance, chat with fans from all over the world and at certain times, express preferences on how the event should continue. 

Limits and potential of concerts in the Metaverse

Most of the concerts in the Metaverse are still in hybrid form and not fully digital. This is due to the fact that the servers hosting these events are still to be upgraded. For example, the ability to host an unlimited number of users without crashing could be improved. To eliminate the problem of sold-out tickets once and for all. 

Beyond the technical limitations, concerts in the Metaverse seem to bring great possibilities. Both for spectators and performers, who have the opportunity to experiment with special effects and settings that are difficult to reproduce on a real stage. 

If you have always dreamed of being able to teleport to the other side of the world to hear your favourite American artist who hasn’t come to Europe since 1492, concerts in the Metaverse could be for you. The sensations are different from those of a live concert, but no less ‘real’.

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Cryptocurrencies to keep an eye on in 2023

Crypto: plans and news for 2023

Let’s analyse the memorable trends and events of 2022 and discover the most interesting crypto projects for 2023. Here are the ones you cannot miss!

After the excitement of the all-time high we started with this year, cryptocurrencies have been through a lot during 2022. And so have we. From the tightening of monetary policies, to the failure of some crypto projects considered to be giants in the industry. In this situation, some virtual currencies have fared better than others. We are here to review and analyse the trends and events of 2022 and to discover the most interesting crypto projects for 2023.

The crypto market in 2022: what happened?  

Before analysing the new projects and innovations that the most capitalised cryptos have in store for 2023, let’s do a quick recap of what happened in the industry during this difficult year. 2022 in Crypto can be summed up in these two concepts: failures and adoption. We started the year still enthusiastic about the price spikes that had just been reached, but we soon entered a negative economic situation. Emerging markets, such as the cryptocurrency market, were affected by increasingly strict monetary policies. Many times this year, the performance of Bitcoin and Ethereum has followed macroeconomic events. The US stock market has lost over 15% in value, the bond markets 20% and the crypto market has fallen over 50% from its peak in November 2021.

In the first months of the year, cryptocurrencies were actually not particularly affected, or at least not until the collapse of the blockchain Terra. A new blow then came a few weeks ago with the bankruptcy of FTX. The failure of these two crypto projects has brought attention to the need to regulate the sector to protect users. A topic we will probably hear a lot about in 2023. 

Although these failures affected the market, it is important to note that neither was caused by problems with blockchain technology per se. On the contrary, in 2022 the technical development continued on its path and for cryptocurrencies the progress made is remarkable. 

Trends: mobile breakthrough and the quest for scalability

The cryptocurrency world this year seems to have finally realised the importance of the ‘mobile’ medium. Concretely, this shift has been reflected by the development of new crypto projects including dapps, wallets and play-to-earn games for mobile devices, and by the launch of actual smartphones to facilitate the use of services. As in the case of Saga, Solana’s mobile phone. The goal of these projects is to improve the user experience, embracing mobile is necessary to reach the goal of one billion people transacting cryptocurrency on a regular basis (currently estimated at 300 million) as soon as possible. For many, mobile dapps and crypto smartphones in a few years’ time will be far more prevalent than AR and VR devices for the Metaverse. In the wake of this trend, 2022 was also the year when NFTs arrived on social networks. 

As we will see in the following paragraphs, the main goal that the most capitalised crypto projects have set themselves for 2023 is to enhance their scalability. That is, to make networks faster and cheaper to operate.

Bitcoin 

Nakamoto’s coin starts its 2023 with a record! The Layer 2 project of the world’s longest-lived and most famous cryptocurrency, the Lightning Network, reached the capacity, i.e. the maximum exchangeable value, of 5,000 BTC in the last days of 2022. This value grows proportionally to the use of the Lightning Network, which is now at an all-time high mainly due to adoption and integrations for small payments. At the same time, with a virtuous circle, capacity increases the speed and quantity of transactions. Another new development for Bitcoin is the development of Taro. The creators of the Lightning Network themselves announced this new crypto project that will allow stablecoins to be developed on the BTC blockchain. 

Ethereum

The most important blockchain event of 2022? The Merge! That is, the transition of Ethereum from the Proof-of-Work to the Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism. The complexity and scope of the consequences of this change make The Merge one of the biggest milestones in the history of blockchain. But what are the new projects and innovations of Vitalik Buterin’s crypto for 2023? The first item on the roadmap is the Shanghai update that will complete the transition to Proof-of-Stake by regulating staking activities for validators. The Ethereum Foundation has set itself two further goals: to be able to process up to 100,000 transactions per second and to reduce fees on its network. Both of these improvements can be achieved thanks to new features that will be implemented by a new update package, known as ‘Sharding’.

Polygon

The MATIC team in 2022 also focused on improving the scalability of the blockchain. The biggest innovation in this respect is the integration of zk rollups, a Layer-2 technology that allows transactions to be grouped off-chain and transferred all together on-chain. This decreases the time it takes to validate transactions and lightens the burden of data being transcribed on the blockchain. This year has been a busy one for Polygon, as well as achieving its goal of becoming carbon neutral (and offsetting all emissions since its founding), it has entered into numerous collaborations with iconic companies and brands outside the cryptocurrency market. New plans for MATIC, Polygon’s crypto, for 2023 will focus on further increasing the scalability of its network and progressive adoption.

Cardano 

For Cardano in September 2022 came the Vasil update, designed to enhance blockchain performance in terms of scalability and speed. The update changed the validation and transaction transmission system and also the programming language for Cardano’s smart contracts, Plutus. Vasil is one of the ADA team’s initiatives to attract dapp developers, especially DeFi developers. In short, thanks to this update, Charles Hoskinson’s blockchain is looking forward to a 2023 marked by the development of many new crypto projects on its network. 

Dogecoin 

The flirtation between Dogecoin and Elon Musk will presumably continue in 2023. Probably thanks to him, this cryptocurrency made it through 2022 without too much damage. The price of Dogecoin has kept pace with Musk’s statements and business decisions, and for every new development, we have found a pump. The growth of the meme coin was particularly pronounced in November, when Musk bought Twitter, making plans for the future of the social network. One of the crypto projects the tycoon might involve Dogecoin in? Twitter’s payment methods. 

Stablecoin 

If we take a look at the ranking of cryptocurrencies by market cap, between Bitcoin, Ethereum and the others we have just reported on, we find a few stablecoins lined up. How did 2022 go for Tether and USDC and what plans do these dollar-pegged cryptos have in store for 2023? After Terra’s stablecoin depegging, which caused the collapse of the entire ecosystem, the reputation of these digital coins was tarnished. Tether and USDC have therefore spent these months working on transparency and maintaining user trust. Tether, which has since also expanded to Polkadot, assures in a statement on 9 November that ‘the tokens are 100% backed by our reserves’ and that ‘Tether holds a strong, conservative and liquid portfolio, which includes cash, equivalents and US Treasury securities’.

Circle, the company that manages USDC, also confirms the soundness of its reserves and this summer also launched a new stablecoin pegged to the euro. The efforts of the centralised stablecoins seem to be paying off as their market capitalisation continues to grow. New ones are also expected to arrive in early 2023, notably Aave and Curve, which are a lending protocol and a decentralised exchange, respectively. Will the two DeFi giants be able to continue with their plans to create stable cryptos by the end of 2023?

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Everything about Aptos, the new Layer 1 blockchain for lightning transactions

Aptos: the new cryptocurrency and Layer 1 blockchain explained

Aptos is a brand new Layer 1 blockchain. What is it and how does it work?

This October, Aptos was launched. It is a new Layer 1 blockchain developed by former Meta employees. Only a few days after its debut in the crypto world, Aptos has already been making waves, both in a positive and negative sense. On the one hand, there are those who present Aptos and its APT crypto as the possible Solana Killer, due to the large amount of transactions per second it promises to be able to process. On the other hand, Aptos’s launch has been criticised due to several factors, such as the ‘premature’ listing on well-known crypto exchanges prior to the release of APT’s tokenomics. Find out what the Aptos project is, and what the main controversies surrounding the launch are!

The birth of of a brand new crypto: Aptos

Aptos is a Layer 1 blockchain founded by a group of former employees of Meta (formerly Facebook). The group of developers founded the Aptos Foundation in August 2022, which is responsible for defining the guidelines of the project. The new blockchain uses a Proof-of-Stake consensus algorithm to validate transactions on its network. The new Aptos crypto is programmed in Move, a smart contract writing language developed by Facebook in 2019. Move was created to build Facebook’s native blockchain, Diem. However, the project was abandoned in January 2022.

Even before its launch, Aptos’s Layer 1 blockchain and its APT crypto have been the talk of the town. How come? A great amount of interest in the project was shown from major venture capital funds, who also decided to invest in the project. Aptos raised 350 million through three different funding rounds between March and September 2022. The funds came from some of the most important venture capitalists in the crypto market such as Andreessen Horowitz (a16z), Jump Crypto, FTX Ventures and Binance Labs.

How does Aptos work? The new Layer 1 blockchain

The new Aptos Layer 1 blockchain underwent an intensive testing programme during the months leading up to its launch. Using a Proof-of-Stake consensus algorithm, Aptos works thanks to 102 validators who are responsible for the security of the network. The project wants to distinguish itself by its ability to process more than 160,000 transactions per second, a number far greater than that of other Layer 1 blockchains. To date, the competitor to beat is Solana. On paper, this Layer 1 blockchain can process the largest number of transactions per second, reaching a maximum of 65,000. For this reason, Aptos was called a possible Solana Killer at its launch.

The Aptos Foundation wants to ensure a high amount of usability of the network for its users. One of the main weaknesses that Web3 is facing is complexity of use. Thanks in particular to the Move programming language, Aptos wants to improve this! Move has been designed to build more user-friendly smart contracts and DApps, which can also be used by those who are not familiar with the technologies involved.

In this first week since its launch, the Aptos network became very active. Especially so with regard to NFTs, which have recorded considerable volumes. For instance, the Aptos Monkeys collection, which was launched on the NFT marketplace Topaz, raised nearly 300,000 APTs (around $2.7 million) in the first 24 hours after its launch. The main wallet for storing and using APT tokens and NFTs on Aptos is a web extension called Petra, which has already exceeded 300,000 downloads on the chrome web store.

Aptos: an opaque beginning?

The launch of Aptos has undoubtedly broken the monotony of this bear market, generating much controversy but also some appreciation. Let’s proceed in order. The first criticism arose in the hours before the launch. Users who had participated in the Aptos testnet (an almost identical copy of the main blockchain being used for experimentation), received a very substantial airdrop. The rewards distributed via the airdrop were either 150 or 300 units of the new Aptos cryptocurrency, depending on the tasks the users performed on the testnet. The Aptos Foundation distributed 20.1 million crypto APTs, representing approximately 2% of the total supply. This amount of APT was, at the time of distribution, worth between 200 and 260 million dollars. It was divided among 110,235 crypto wallets.

The criticism in this case was that the airdrop was excessive and benefited the so-called ‘airdrop hunters’. They are users who complete tasks required by blockchain protocols using different wallets. Once they receive the airdrop, they instantly sell the crypto they have received.

The second wave of criticism concerns the choice of Aptos and some exchanges including Binance and FTX to make trading available before the tokenomics were officially released. This choice by the Aptos Foundation put potential investors in an uncomfortable position. On the one hand, they would not have wanted to miss the launch of Aptos, but on the other hand, they felt insecure given the lack of transparency shown by the project.

The tokenomics of APT, the crypto of Aptos

The tokenomics publication, which came only after listing on some of the best-known exchanges, provides for a total APT supply of one billion tokens. 510 million are held by venture capital companies, and 410 million are held by the Aptos Foundation. These 410 million tokens are locked as of today, and will be unlocked progressively over the next 10 years. The remaining part of Aptos’ supply, a total of 80 million APTs, have partly been distributed through airdrops and partly will be made available to projects that will be created on the blockchain.

If the delay in the publication of tokenomics generated controversy, the structure of tokenomics itself only increased it. The price of APT has suffered as a result. The main factor that created discontent is the amount of APT owned by venture capital companies and the Aptos Foundation. According to users, there are too many tokens held by institutional investors and the Aptos Foundation. This could generate strong sell pressure on the APT token in the future.

The influence on the price could be seen immediately after the launch. The starting price of the Aptos crypto was around $14. In the first hours after the launch, it marked a downward movement of more than 40%. In the days following the launch, the price of APT ‘stabilised’ at around $9.

PancakeSwap is the first DeFi DApp to land on Aptos

On Monday the 24th October 2022, PancakeSwap, the decentralised exchange (DEX) built on the Binance Smart Chain, announced that its platform will also be available on Aptos. The decision was made following a vote within PancakeSwap’s DAO. PancakeSwap’s ecosystem on Aptos will be similar to the one already present on the Binance Smart Chain.

Thus, Swaps will be enabled. These are a mechanism through which tokens built on the Aptos blockchain can be exchanged. Farms and Pools, where you can stack your tokens in exchange for rewards, will also be made available as well as the IFO section. The acronym stands for Initial Farm Offering, and it is a kind of ‘Initial Coin Offering’ (ICO). IFOs have the dual purpose of allowing to raise development funds for emerging projects, and incentivising users to hold crypto in the ecosystem. To participate in an IFO, it is necessary to lock your tokens in an LP (liquidity pool), which consists of 50% CAKE crypto and 50% APT.

The integration of PancakeSwap, which is the eighth DeFi ecosystem in terms of TVL, is certainly a good achievement. We will see if the new Aptos Layer 1 blockchain will continue to integrate new features at this pace, and if it will one day be able to compete with Solana in the challenge for creating the most scalable network.

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ChatGPT, the artificial intelligence that writes poetry and software

What is ChatGPT? Artificial intelligence for text and code writing

What is ChatGPT? Discover the artificial intelligence of the moment that can answer complex questions and that writes poetry and computer programmes

A few days ago, ChatGPT was released, a new application based on the GPT-3 deep learning model developed by Open AI, a San Francisco-based company founded by Elon Musk in 2015. ChatGPT is a chatbot, or artificial intelligence designed to process any text: from an article like this one to a string of html code. All thanks to the almost infinite pool of resources it gathers from the web and consults in milliseconds, as well as its ability to understand human language.

Since its release, it has been the talk of the internet, with posts by programmers and copywriters who fear being replaced by AI, users trying to figure out whether ChatGPT is in any way sentient, and those who post screenshots of the absurd requests they have made of OpenAI’s chatbot.

Opinions on ChatGPT are mixed. There are those who are enthusiastic because they see artificial intelligence as a tool that will simplify everyday work. And those, probably influenced by the countless science fiction films that deal with the issue, fear a dystopian denouement of the situation.

How does ChatGPT work?

OpenAI’s artificial intelligence is one of the most advanced AI for natural language processing. This chatbot is designed to be ‘linguistically generic’. This means that it is able to generate texts similar to what a human being could write using a very wide range of content. Just ask and ChatGPT will answer you.

It can write fantastic short stories, lyrics for songs, social media posts and poems in the style of the greatest poets. It doesn’t matter what language you formulate questions or requests in, as it can also instantly translate texts. To give you an idea of what it can do, we asked it to write a poem dedicated to Bitcoin in the style of Dante. This was the result:

“There, the value is not determined

By bankers or the laws of the market,

But from faith and trust

That users have in their system.

And so I came to Bitcoin, a new currency

that reigns over the world’s markets

with unparalleled power and strength.

O Bitcoin, you who are the future in search,

guide our steps towards the light

and give us the wisdom we need’.

ChatGPT is also capable of writing lines of code using popular programming languages, and is therefore also an interesting tool for developers.

Although it is a complex tool, using it is very simple. You just log on to the site and sign up. Once the registration is complete, you can indulge yourself by asking the AI complicated questions, such as “explain to me how a quantum computer works”. Or you can use this artificial intelligence to write Python code for a simple game.

Can artificial intelligence create smart contracts?

Artificial intelligence can also be used within Web3 in different ways. For instance, AIs are used to create NFT collections of generative art. Or, as in the case of ChatGPT, to write smart contracts or find any vulnerabilities in them. To check whether a smart contract has weaknesses, you simply have to go back to the code that makes it up and ask the chat if it has weaknesses. Finding the text of the code of a smart contract that manages a function of a dapp for example is very easy, since practically all Web3 applications are open source, i.e. can be consulted by anyone. 

Yes, you got that right! ChatGPT is also able to read and write in programming languages for the development of blockchain applications, such as Solidity, the programming language in which Ethereum is programmed, or Rust, that of Solana. If you don’t believe this, you can try it yourself, for instance by asking it to write a smart contract that generates an NFT.

The debate: does artificial intelligence belong to the people?

The potential of this technology has sparked a series of debates within Crypto Twitter. There has been discussion about the ability of artificial intelligence to detect vulnerabilities within codes, an ability that some users see as a threat. Once the weaknesses have been identified, thanks to ChatGPT, some malicious parties could attack the smart contracts of decentralised applications (dapp) and thus take possession of users’ money.

However, there are also those who have opposing views on the subject, such as the developers of Open AI. Their view on the issue is that artificial intelligence is not a threat. It will help benefit Web3 developers by enabling them to programme more secure smart contracts more quickly.

Finally, there are those who believe that such powerful and complex tools should not be handed over to the hands of individuals or companies, but should instead be directed by DAOs (decentralised autonomous organisations). This idea was given by one of the co-founders of Polygon, known on twitter by the handle sandeep.

DAOs exploit smart contracts for collective decision-making through voting where participants can cast their votes using the protocol’s cryptos. Entrusting artificial intelligence to DAOs could ensure a high degree of decentralisation, transparency and innovation while avoiding handing these powerful tools over to the hands of individuals or companies that might act to the detriment of the common good.

As is often the case when it comes to cutting-edge technology, there remain many more questions than answers. One certainty, however, is that ChatGPT is already an excellent tool that improves and speeds up the work of a large number of professionals. Moreover, being an artificial intelligence, it is also able to improve itself on a daily basis thanks to the feedback and questions posed to it by users. In short, it is potentially an unlimited resource of knowledge. And you, do you think that with AIs you can conquer the world? Or, will they conquer the world without us realising?